MySQL入门——在Linux下安装和卸载MariaDB

摘要：本文主要学习了如何在Linux系统中安装和卸载MariaDB数据库。

查看有没有安装过MariaDB

使用命令查看有没有安装过：

11 [root@localhost ~]# yum list installed | grep mariadb
22 mariadb-libs.x86_64                   1:5.5.44-2.el7.centos            @anaconda
33 [root@localhost ~]#

使用的系统是CentOS版本是7.2.1511，可以看到系统只是安装了用到的libs包，并没有安装MariaDB的服务端和客户端。

安装MariaDB

安装

使用命令安装：

1 1 [root@localhost ~]# yum install -y mariadb mariadb-server
2 2 已加载插件：fastestmirror
3 3 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
4 4  * base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
5 5  * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
6 6  * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
7 7 正在解决依赖关系
8 8 --> 正在检查事务
9 9 ...
1010 完毕！
1111 [root@localhost ~]#

使用命令查看安装的程序：

11 [root@localhost ~]# yum list installed | grep mariadb
22 mariadb.x86_64                        1:5.5.60-1.el7_5                 @base    
33 mariadb-libs.x86_64                   1:5.5.60-1.el7_5                 @base    
44 mariadb-server.x86_64                 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5                 @base    
55 [root@localhost ~]#

启动服务

查看MariaDB的状态：

11 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mariadb
22 ● mariadb.service - MariaDB database server
33    Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
44    Active: inactive (dead)
55 [root@localhost ~]#

启动MariaDB并查看MariaDB的状态：

1 1 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb
2 2 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mariadb
3 3 ● mariadb.service - MariaDB database server
4 4    Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
5 5    Active: active (running) since 六 2019-07-13 05:19:08 CST; 36s ago
6 6   Process: 4162 ExecStartPost=/usr/libexec/mariadb-wait-ready $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
7 7   Process: 4082 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mariadb-prepare-db-dir %n (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
8 8  Main PID: 4161 (mysqld_safe)
9 9    CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
1010            ├─4161 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/usr
1111            └─4323 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log --pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid --socke...
1212 ...
1313 [root@localhost ~]#

连接数据库

连接并查看版本：

1 1 [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot
2 2 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
3 3 Your MariaDB connection id is 2
4 4 Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server
5 5 
6 6 Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
7 7 
8 8 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
9 9 
1010 MariaDB [(none)]> select version();
1111 +----------------+
1212 | version()      |
1313 +----------------+
1414 | 5.5.60-MariaDB |
1515 +----------------+
1616 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
1717 
1818 MariaDB [(none)]>

退出：

11 MariaDB [(none)]> exit
22 Bye
33 [root@localhost ~]#

简单配置

使用命令对MariaDB进行简单配置：

11 [root@localhost ~]# mysql_secure_installation
22 
33 NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
44       SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

输入当前的密码，如果没有设置就回车：

11 In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
22 password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
33 you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
44 so you should just press enter here.
55 
66 Enter current password for root (enter for none): 
77 OK, successfully used password, moving on...

是否为root用户设置密码：

11 Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
22 root user without the proper authorisation.
33 
44 Set root password? [Y/n] Y
55 New password: 
66 Re-enter new password: 
77 Password updated successfully!
88 Reloading privilege tables..
99  ... Success!

是否删除匿名用户：

11 By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
22 to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
33 them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
44 go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
55 production environment.
66 
77 Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] 
88  ... Success!

是否允许root用户远程登录：

11 Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
22 ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
33 
44 Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] 
55  ... Success!

是否删除test数据库：

11 By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
22 access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
33 before moving into a production environment.
44 
55 Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] 
66  - Dropping test database...
77  ... Success!
88  - Removing privileges on test database...
99  ... Success!

是否重新加载权限表：

11 Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
22 will take effect immediately.
33 
44 Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] 
55  ... Success!

设置完成：

11 Cleaning up...
22 
33 All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
44 installation should now be secure.
55 
66 Thanks for using MariaDB!
77 [root@localhost ~]#

卸载MariaDB

使用命令卸载安装包：

11 [root@localhost ~]# yum remove -y mariadb-libs
22 已加载插件：fastestmirror
33 正在解决依赖关系
44 --> 正在检查事务
55 ...
66 完毕！
77 [root@localhost ~]#

查看卸载后的安装情况：

11 [root@localhost ~]# yum list installed | grep mariadb
22 [root@localhost ~]#

表明已经从系统中卸载了。