WEB框架的本质
对于所有的Web应用，本质上其实就是一个socket服务端，用户的浏览器其实就是一个socket客户端。
1#!/usr/bin/env python 2#coding:utf-8 3 4import socket 5 6def handle_request(client): 7 buf = client.recv(1024) 8 client.send("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n") 9 client.send("Hello, Seven") 10 11def main(): 12 sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) 13 sock.bind(('localhost',8000)) 14 sock.listen(5) 15 16 while True: 17 connection, address = sock.accept() 18 handle_request(connection) 19 connection.close() 20 21if __name__ == '__main__': 22 main()
上述通过socket来实现了其本质，而对于真实开发中的python web程序来说，一般会分为两部分：服务器程序和应用程序。服务器程序负责对socket服务器进行封装，并在请求到来时，对请求的各种数据进行整理。应用程序则负责具体的逻辑处理。为了方便应用程序的开发，就出现了众多的Web框架，例如：Django、Flask、web.py 等。不同的框架有不同的开发方式，但是无论如何，开发出的应用程序都要和服务器程序配合，才能为用户提供服务。这样，服务器程序就需要为不同的框架提供不同的支持。这样混乱的局面无论对于服务器还是框架，都是不好的。对服务器来说，需要支持各种不同框架，对框架来说，只有支持它的服务器才能被开发出的应用使用。这时候，标准化就变得尤为重要。我们可以设立一个标准，只要服务器程序支持这个标准，框架也支持这个标准，那么他们就可以配合使用。一旦标准确定，双方各自实现。这样，服务器可以支持更多支持标准的框架，框架也可以使用更多支持标准的服务器。
WSGI（Web Server Gateway Interface）是一种规范，它定义了使用python编写的web app与web server之间接口格式，实现web app与web server间的解耦。
python标准库提供的独立WSGI服务器称为wsgiref。
1from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server 2 3 4def RunServer(environ, start_response): 5 start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/html')]) 6 return [bytes('<h1>Hello, web!</h1>', encoding='utf-8'), ] 7 8 9if __name__ == '__main__': 10 httpd = make_server('', 8000, RunServer) 11 print("Serving HTTP on port 8000...") 12 httpd.serve_forever()
Python的WEB框架有Django、Tornado、Flask 等多种，Django相较与其他WEB框架其优势为：大而全，框架本身集成了ORM、模型绑定、模板引擎、缓存、Session等诸多功能。
Django工程前基本配置
一、安装Django
pip install django
二、创建Django工程
- 终端命令：django-admin startproject sitename（工程名称）
- IDE创建Django程序时，本质上都是自动执行上述命令
三、程序目录
mysite
- mysite # 对整个程序进行配置
- init
- settings # 配置文件
- url # URL对应关系
- wsgi # 遵循WSIG规范，uwsgi + nginx
- manage.py # 管理Django程序：
- python manage.py
- python manage.py startapp xx
- python manage.py makemigrations
- python manage.py migrate
-templates #放置网页内容
# 运行Django功能
python manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1:8000
四、创建app
# 创建app
python manage.py startapp cmdb
python manage.py startapp openstack
python manage.py startapp xxoo....
app：
migrations 数据修改表结构
admin Django为我们提供的后台管理
apps 配置当前app
models ORM,写指定的类 通过命令可以创建数据库结构
tests 单元测试
views 业务代码
五、工程前的默认配置
1.配置模板的路径
1 1 MIDDLEWARE = [ 2 2 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', 3 3 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 4 4 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', 5 5 # 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', 6 6 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', 7 7 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', 8 8 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', 9 9 ] 1010 1111 ROOT_URLCONF = 's14day19.urls' 1212 1313 TEMPLATES = [ 1414 { 1515 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', 1616 'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')] 1717 , 1818 'APP_DIRS': True, 1919 'OPTIONS': { 2020 'context_processors': [ 2121 'django.template.context_processors.debug', 2222 'django.template.context_processors.request', 2323 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', 2424 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages', 2525 ], 2626 }, 2727 }, 2828 ]
settings.py
2.配置静态目录
新建static目录
settings.py中添加
1STATIC_URL = '/static/' 2STATICFILES_DIRS = ( 3 os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"static"), 4)
下面就可以编写程序了
编写程序
Django请求生命周期
-> URL对应关系（匹配） -> 视图函数 -> 返回用户字符串
-> URL对应关系（匹配） -> 视图函数 -> 打开一个HTML文件，读取内容
路由系统
1.单一路由的url
urls.py
1from django.contrib import admin 2from django.urls import path 3from cmdb import views 4 5urlpatterns = [ 6 path('admin/', admin.site.urls), 7 path('login/', views.login), 8 path('home/', views.home), 9 10]
2.基于正则表达式的url
1re_path('detail-(\d+).html', views.detail), 2#一个函数对应多个页面 3re_path('detail-(\d+)-(\d+).html', views.detail), 4#nid ,uid 一定按照顺序 5re_path('detail-(?P<nid>\d+)-(?P<uid>\d+).html', views.detail), 6#绑定nid和uid
1 1 # def detail(request,nid): 2 2 # return HttpResponse(nid) 3 3 # # n = request.GET.get("nid") 4 4 # 5 5 # # info = USER_DICT[nid] 6 6 # # return render(request,"detail.html",{"info":info}) 7 7 # def detail(request, nid): 8 8 # info = USER_DICT[nid] 9 9 # return render(request,"detail.html",{"info":info}) 1010 def detail(request,nid,uid): 1111 print(nid,uid) 1212 1313 return HttpResponse(nid) 1414 # info = USER_DICT[nid] 1515 # return render(request,"detail.html",{"info":info})
views
1 1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 2 <html lang="en"> 3 3 <head> 4 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 5 <title>Title</title> 6 6 </head> 7 7 <body> 8 8 {{ user_dict.user }} 9 9 <ul> 1010 {% for k,row in user_dict.items %} 1111 <li><a target="_blank" href="/detail-{{ k }}.html">{{ row.user }}</a></li> 1212 {% endfor %} 1313 </ul> 1414 <!-- 1515 <ul> 1616 {% for k,row in user_dict.items %} 1717 <li><a target="_blank" href="https://my.oschina.net/detail/?nid={{ k }}">{{ row.user }}</a></li> 1818 {% endfor %} 1919 </ul> 2020 --> 2121 2222 </body> 2323 </html>
index.html
1 1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 2 <html lang="en"> 3 3 <head> 4 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 5 <title>Title</title> 6 6 </head> 7 7 <body> 8 8 <h1>详细信息</h1> 9 9 <h3>用户名：{{ info.user }}</h3> 1010 <h3>密码：{{ info.password }}</h3> 1111 <h3>邮箱：{{ info.email }}</h3> 1212 1313 </body> 1414 </html>
detail.html
3.为路由映射设置名称
对URL路由关系进行命名， ***** 以后可以根据此名称生成自己想要的URL *****
urls.py
1urlpatterns = [ 2 path('indfasfasdfdex/', views.index, name="index1"), 3 re_path('ind/(\d+)/', views.index, name="index2"), 4 re_path('ind/(\d+)/(\d+)/', views.index, name="index3"), 5 re_path('ind/(?P<nid>\d+)/(?P<uid>\d+)/', views.index, name="index4"), 6]
views.py
1def func(request, *args, **kwargs): 2 from django.urls import reverse 3 4 url1 = reverse('index1') # indefasfasdfdex/ 5 url2 = reverse('index3', args=(1,2,)) # ind/1/2/ 6 url3 = reverse('index4', kwargs={'pid': 1, "nid": 9}) #ind/1/9/
xxx.html
1{% url "index1" %} # indfasfasdfdex/ 2{% url "index2" 1 2 %} # ind/1/2/ 3{% url "index3" pid=1 nid=9 %} # ind/1/9/
注：
# 当前的URL
request.path_info
4.路由分发-----多级路由
主目录下的urls.py
1urlpatterns = [ 2 path('cmdb/',include("app01.urls")), 3 path('monitor/',include("app02.urls")) 4 5]
app01下添加urls.py
1from django.urls import path,re_path 2from app01 import views 3 4urlpatterns = [ 5 6 path('index/', views.index), 7 8]
app02下添加urls.py
1from django.urls import path,re_path 2from app02 import views 3 4urlpatterns = [ 5 6 path('index/', views.index), 7 8]
5.默认值
url(r'^manage/(?P<name>\w*)', views.manage,{'id':333}),
6.命名空间
project.urls.py
1from django.conf.urls import url,include 2 3urlpatterns = [ 4 url(r'^a/', include('app01.urls', namespace='author-polls')), 5 url(r'^b/', include('app01.urls', namespace='publisher-polls')), 6]
app01.urls.py
1from django.conf.urls import url 2from app01 import views 3 4app_name = 'app01' 5urlpatterns = [ 6 url(r'^(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.detail, name='detail') 7]
app01.views.py
1def detail(request, pk): 2 print(request.resolver_match) 3 return HttpResponse(pk)
以上定义带命名空间的url之后，使用name生成URL时候，应该如下：
- v = reverse('app01:detail', kwargs={'pk':11})
- {% url 'app01:detail' pk=12 pp=99 %}
django中的路由系统和其他语言的框架有所不同，在django中每一个请求的url都要有一条路由映射，这样才能将请求交给对一个的view中的函数去处理。其他大部分的Web框架则是对一类的url请求做一条路由映射，从而是路由系统变得简洁。
视图
views.py
def func(request):
# 包含所有的请求数据
...
return HttpResponse('字符串')
return render(request, 'index.html', {''})
retrun redirect('URL')
1from django.shortcuts import render 2from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse 3from django.shortcuts import redirect 4 5USER_LIST=[ 6 {"username":"zhangsan","gender":"man","email":"abc@123.com"}, 7 {"username":"zhangsi","gender":"woman","email":"abc@123.com"}, 8 {"username":"zhangwu","gender":"man","email":"abc@123.com"}, 9] 10 11def home(request): 12 print(request.method) 13 if request.method == "POST": 14 user=request.POST.get("username") 15 gen=request.POST.get("gender") 16 ema=request.POST.get("email") 17 temp = {"username":user,"gender":gen,"email":ema} 18 USER_LIST.append(temp) 19 return render(request,"home.html",{"user_list":USER_LIST}) 20 21 22def login(request): 23 # f = open("templates/login.html","r",encoding="utf-8") 24 # date = f.read() 25 # f.close() 26 27 error_msg = " " 28 if request.method == "POST": 29 user = request.POST.get("user",None) 30 pwd = request.POST.get("pwd",None) 31 32 if user=="root" and pwd=="123": 33 return redirect("http://www.baidu.com") 34 else: 35 error_msg = "用户名密码错误" 36 37 return render(request,"login.html",{"error_msg":error_msg})
1.获取多数据和文件上传
1 1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 2 <html lang="en"> 3 3 <head> 4 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 5 <title>Title</title> 6 6 </head> 7 7 <body> 8 8 <form action="/login/" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data"> 9 9 <p> 1010 <input type="text" name="user" placeholder="用户名" /> 1111 </p> 1212 <p> 1313 <input type="password" name="password" placeholder="密码" /> 1414 </p> 1515 <p> 1616 男：<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1"/> 1717 女：<input type="radio" name="gender" value="2"/> 1818 </p> 1919 <p> 2020 篮球：<input type="checkbox" name="faver" value="11" /> 2121 足球：<input type="checkbox" name="faver" value="22" /> 2222 排球：<input type="checkbox" name="faver" value="33" /> 2323 </p> 2424 <p> 2525 <select name="city" multiple> 2626 <option value="bj">北京</option> 2727 <option value="sh">上海</option> 2828 <option value="tj">天津</option> 2929 </select> 3030 </p> 3131 <p> 3232 <input type="file" name="filesss"/> 3333 </p> 3434 <p> 3535 <input type="submit" value="提交" /> 3636 </p> 3737 </form> 3838 </body> 3939 </html>
login.html
1 1 from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect 2 2 3 3 # Create your views here. 4 4 5 5 def index(request): 6 6 return HttpResponse("Welcome to Index!") 7 7 8 8 def login(request): 9 9 '''if request.method == "GET": 1010 return render(request, "login.html") 1111 elif request.method == "POST": 1212 u= request.POST.get("user") 1313 p= request.POST.get("password") 1414 1515 if u == "abc" and p == "123": 1616 return redirect("/index/") 1717 else: 1818 return render(request,"login.html") 1919 else: 2020 return redirect("/index/") 2121 ''' 2222 2323 if request.method == "GET": 2424 return render(request, "login.html") 2525 elif request.method == "POST": 2626 # v = request.POST.get("gender") 2727 # print(v) 2828 # v = request.POST.getlist("faver") 2929 # print(v) 3030 # v = request.POST.getlist("city") 3131 # print(v) 3232 3333 # 文件上传 3434 obj =request.FILES.get("filesss") 3535 import os 3636 file_path = os.path.join("upload",obj.name) 3737 f= open(file_path,mode="wb") 3838 for i in obj.chunks(): 3939 f.write(i) 4040 f.close() 4141 4242 4343 4444 return render(request, "login.html") 4545 else: 4646 return redirect("/index/")
views.py
2.FBV & CBV
url.py index ---> 函数名
views.py def 函数（request）:................
FBV /index/ -> 函数名
CBV /index/ -> 类
1from django.views import View 2class Home(View): 3 4 def get(self,request): 5 print(request.method) 6 return render(request,"home.html") 7 8 def post(self,request): 9 print(request.method,"post") 10 return render(request, "home.html")
3.获取用户请求的相关信息以及请求头
1 1 def index(request): 2 2 print(type(request)) 3 3 4 4 from django.core.handlers.wsgi import WSGIRequest 5 5 6 6 print(request.environ) #封装了请求的所有信息 7 7 8 8 for k,v in request.environ.items(): #列出所有信息 9 9 print(k,v) 1010 1111 print(request.environ["HTTP_USER_AGENT"]) 1212 return HttpResponse("ok")
views.py
模板
1.模板语言
return render(request, 'index.html', {'li': [11,22,33]})
{% for item in li %}
<h1>{{item}}</h1>
{% endfor %}
*********** 索引用点 **********
<h2> {{item.0 }} </h2>
1 1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 2 <html lang="en"> 3 3 <head> 4 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 5 <title>Title</title> 6 6 </head> 7 7 <body style="margin: 0"> 8 8 <div style="background-color: #eeeeee;height: 50px;"></div> 9 9 <form action="/home/" method="post"> 1010 <p> 1111 <input type="text" name="username" placeholder="用户名" /> 1212 </p> 1313 <p> 1414 <input type="text" name="gender" placeholder="性别" /> 1515 </p> 1616 <p> 1717 <input type="text" name="email" placeholder="邮箱" /> 1818 </p> 1919 <p> 2020 <input type="submit" value="提交" /> 2121 </p> 2222 </form> 2323 <div> 2424 <table> 2525 {% for row in user_list %} 2626 <tr> 2727 <td>{{ row.username }}</td> 2828 <td>{{ row.gender }}</td> 2929 <td>{{ row.email }}</td> 3030 </tr> 3131 {% endfor %} 3232 </table> 3333 </div> 3434 </body> 3535 </html>
home
1 1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 2 <html lang="en"> 3 3 <head> 4 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 5 <title>Title</title> 6 6 <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/commons.css" /> 7 7 <style> 8 8 label{ 9 9 width: 80px; 1010 text-align: right; 1111 display: inline-block; 1212 } 1313 </style> 1414 </head> 1515 <body> 1616 <form action="/login/" method="post"> 1717 <p> 1818 <label for="username">用户名：</label> 1919 <input id="username" name="user" type="text" /> 2020 </p> 2121 <p> 2222 <label for="password">密码：</label> 2323 <input id="password" name="pwd" type="text" /> 2424 <input type="submit" value="提交" /> 2525 <span style="color: red">{{ error_msg }}</span> 2626 </p> 2727 </form> 2828 <script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script> 2929 </body> 3030 </html>
login
2.模板的继承
1 1 def a1(request): 2 2 u_list= [1,2,3,4,5] 3 3 return render(request,"a1.html",{"u_list":u_list}) 4 4 5 5 def a2(request): 6 6 name="root" 7 7 return render(request,"a2.html",{"name":name}) 8 8 9 9 def a3(request): 1010 d = "删除" 1111 return render(request,"a3.html",{"d":d})
views.py
master.html是模板
1 1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 2 <html lang="en"> 3 3 <head> 4 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 5 <title>Title</title> 6 6 <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/commons.css" /> 7 7 <style> 8 8 .pg-header{ 9 9 height: 48px; 1010 background-color: gainsboro; 1111 color: green; 1212 } 1313 </style> 1414 {% block commons %} {% endblock %} 1515 </head> 1616 <body> 1717 <div class="pg-header">信息管理</div> 1818 1919 {% block content %} {% endblock %} 2020 2121 <script src="/static/jquery.js"></script> 2222 {% block jquery %} {% endblock %} 2323 </body> 2424 </html>
master.html
a1.html a2.html a3.html 是继承模板然后生成新的网页发给前端
11 {% extends "master.html" %} 22 {% block content %} 33 <h1>用户管理</h1> 44 <ul> 55 {% for i in u_list %} 66 <li>{{ i }}</li> 77 {% endfor %} 88 </ul> 99 {% endblock %}
a1
11 {% extends "master.html" %} 22 {% block content %} 33 <h1>{{ name }}</h1> 44 {% endblock %}
a2
11 {% extends "master.html" %} 22 {% block content %} 33 <h1>{{ d }}</h1> 44 {% endblock %}
a3
小结：
{% block 模板名称 %} 自己的内容 {% endblock %}
a.可以有多个模板继承 只要写清楚继承模板的名称
b.对于css和js同样可以继承，写在模板中正确的位置
1 1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 2 <html lang="en"> 3 3 <head> 4 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 5 <title>Title</title> 6 6 <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/commons.css" /> 7 7 <style> 8 8 .pg-header{ 9 9 height: 48px; 1010 background-color: gainsboro; 1111 color: green; 1212 } 1313 </style> 1414 {% block commons %} {% endblock %} 1515 </head> 1616 <body> 1717 <div class="pg-header">信息管理</div> 1818 1919 {% block content %} {% endblock %} 2020 2121 <script src="/static/jquery.js"></script> 2222 {% block jquery %} {% endblock %} 2323 </body> 2424 </html>
master.html
c.新网页上的需要继承的模板名称没有顺序之分，只要名称正确即可。
d.一个html只能继承一个模板
3.模板的导入
一个html只能继承一个模板，但是如果一个html需要多个重复的设计时，可以使用模板导入
{% include "tag.html" %}
1<form> 2 <input type="text" /> 3 <input type="text" /> 4 <input type="text" /> 5</form> 6 7{% extends "master.html" %} 8{% block content %} 9 <h1>用户管理</h1> 10 <ul> 11 {% for i in u_list %} 12 <li>{{ i }}</li> 13 {% endfor %} 14 </ul> 15 16 {% include "tag.html" %} 17{% endblock %}
4.自定义函数
simple_tag
a.在app下面创建templatetags文件夹
b.在文件夹下面创建任意py文件
c.创建py文件的函数
1from django import template 2from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe 3 4register = template.Library() 5 6@register.simple_tag 7def ceshi(a1,a2): 8 return a1+a2
d.settings中注册app
e.在html中的头部加上{% load py文件名 %} 添加内容{% 函数名 arg1 arg2 %}
filter
py文件中@register.filter
html中{{“arg1”|函数名：“arg2” }}
参数最多是2个，可以有if条件语句中
5.自定义分页操作
列表分页实例：
1 1 def user_list(request): 2 2 list = [] 3 3 for i in range(1,100): 4 4 list.append(i) 5 5 6 6 current_page = request.GET.get("p",1) 7 7 current_page = int(current_page) 8 8 start = (current_page-1)*10 9 9 end = current_page*10 1010 data=list[start:end] 1111 1212 all_current=len(list) 1313 count,y = divmod(all_current, 10) 1414 if y: 1515 count +=1 1616 1717 page_list=[] 1818 for i in range(1,count+1): 1919 if i ==current_page: 2020 temp ='<a class="page active" href="https://my.oschina.net/user_list/?p=%s">%s</a>'%(i,i) 2121 else: 2222 temp = '<a class="page" href="https://my.oschina.net/user_list/?p=%s">%s</a>' % (i, i) 2323 page_list.append(temp) 2424 2525 page_str="".join(page_list) 2626 2727 return render(request,"user_list.html",{"list":data,"temp":page_str})
views.py
1 1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 2 <html lang="en"> 3 3 <head> 4 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 5 <title>Title</title> 6 6 <style> 7 7 .q .page{ 8 8 display: inline-block; 9 9 background-color: aqua; 1010 margin: 5px; 1111 padding: 5px; 1212 1313 } 1414 .q .page.active{ 1515 background-color: red; 1616 color: white; 1717 } 1818 </style> 1919 </head> 2020 <body> 2121 <ul> 2222 {% for item in list %} 2323 {% include "tag.html" %} 2424 {% endfor %} 2525 </ul> 2626 2727 <div class="q"> 2828 {{ temp|safe }} 2929 </div> 3030 </body> 3131 </html>
user_list.html
1 <li>{{ item }}</li>
tag.html
分页进阶实例 ---- 上一页、下一页、跳转、页面布局
1 1 def user_list(request): 2 2 list = [] 3 3 for i in range(1,1000): 4 4 list.append(i) 5 5 #每页显示的数据数量 6 6 page_num = 10 #每页显示数量 7 7 current_page = request.GET.get("p",1) 8 8 current_page = int(current_page) #当前页 9 9 start = (current_page-1)*page_num 1010 end = current_page*page_num 1111 data=list[start:end] 1212 1313 #分页的数据数量 1414 all_current=len(list) 1515 total_count,y = divmod(all_current, page_num) 1616 if y: 1717 total_count +=1 #总页数 1818 page_list=[] 1919 start_index = current_page - 5 2020 end_index = current_page + 6 2121 pag = 11 #显示分页数量 2222 if total_count < pag: 2323 start_index = 1 2424 end_index = total_count 2525 else: 2626 if current_page <= (pag+1)/2: 2727 start_index = 1 2828 end_index = pag+1 2929 else: 3030 start_index = current_page - (pag-1)/2 3131 end_index = current_page + (pag+1)/2 3232 if (current_page + (pag-1)/2) >=total_count: 3333 end_index = total_count + 1 3434 start_index = total_count - pag -1 3535 3636 #上一页 代码开始 3737 if current_page == 1: 3838 prev = '<a class="page" href="#">上一页</a>' 3939 else: 4040 prev = '<a class="page" href="https://my.oschina.net/user_list/?p=%s">上一页</a>' % (current_page-1) 4141 page_list.append(prev) 4242 4343 #分页代码开始 4444 for i in range(int(start_index),int(end_index)): 4545 if i ==current_page: 4646 temp ='<a class="page active" href="https://my.oschina.net/user_list/?p=%s">%s</a>'%(i,i) 4747 else: 4848 temp = '<a class="page" href="https://my.oschina.net/user_list/?p=%s">%s</a>' % (i, i) 4949 page_list.append(temp) 5050 5151 # 下一页代码开始 5252 if current_page == total_count: 5353 nex = '<a class="page" href="javascript:void(0);">下一页</a>' 5454 else: 5555 nex = '<a class="page" href="https://my.oschina.net/user_list/?p=%s">下一页</a>' % (current_page + 1) 5656 page_list.append(nex) 5757 5858 page_str="".join(page_list) 5959 6060 return render(request,"user_list.html",{"list":data,"temp":page_str})
views.py
1 1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 2 <html lang="en"> 3 3 <head> 4 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 5 <title>Title</title> 6 6 <style> 7 7 .q .page{ 8 8 display: inline-block; 9 9 background-color: aqua; 1010 margin: 5px; 1111 padding: 5px; 1212 1313 } 1414 .q .page.active{ 1515 background-color: red; 1616 color: white; 1717 } 1818 </style> 1919 </head> 2020 <body> 2121 <ul> 2222 {% for item in list %} 2323 {% include "tag.html" %} 2424 {% endfor %} 2525 </ul> 2626 2727 <div class="q"> 2828 {{ temp|safe }} 2929 <input type="text" /> 3030 <a onclick="Go(this,'/user_list/?p=');" id="i1">GO</a> 3131 </div> 3232 <script> 3333 function Go(th,base) { 3434 var val = th.previousElementSibling.value; 3535 location.href = base + val 3636 } 3737 </script> 3838 </body> 3939 </html>
user_list.html
自定义分页实例封装
新建utils文件夹
1 1 class Page: 2 2 3 3 def __init__(self,current_page,data_count,per_page_num=10,page_num=11): 4 4 self.current_page = current_page 5 5 self.data_count =data_count 6 6 self.per_page_num = per_page_num 7 7 self.page_num = page_num 8 8 9 9 @property 1010 def start(self): 1111 return (self.current_page-1) * self.per_page_num 1212 1313 @property 1414 def end(self): 1515 return self.current_page * self.per_page_num 1616 1717 @property 1818 def total_count(self): 1919 v, y = divmod(self.data_count, self.per_page_num) 2020 if y: 2121 v += 1 # 总页数 2222 return v 2323 2424 def page_str(self,base_url): 2525 page_list = [] 2626 start_index = self.current_page - 5 2727 end_index = self.current_page + 6 2828 2929 if self.total_count < self.page_num: 3030 start_index = 1 3131 end_index = self.total_count 3232 else: 3333 if self.current_page <= (self.page_num + 1) / 2: 3434 start_index = 1 3535 end_index = self.page_num + 1 3636 else: 3737 start_index = self.current_page - (self.page_num - 1) / 2 3838 end_index = self.current_page + (self.page_num + 1) / 2 3939 if (self.current_page + (self.page_num - 1) / 2) >= self.total_count: 4040 end_index = self.total_count + 1 4141 start_index = self.total_count - self.page_num - 1 4242 4343 # 上一页 代码开始 4444 if self.current_page == 1: 4545 prev = '<a class="page" href="#">上一页</a>' 4646 else: 4747 prev = '<a class="page" href="%s?p=%s">上一页</a>' % (base_url,self.current_page - 1) 4848 page_list.append(prev) 4949 5050 # 分页代码开始 5151 for i in range(int(start_index), int(end_index)): 5252 if i == self.current_page: 5353 temp = '<a class="page active" href="%s?p=%s">%s</a>' % (base_url,i, i) 5454 else: 5555 temp = '<a class="page" href="%s?p=%s">%s</a>' % (base_url,i, i) 5656 page_list.append(temp) 5757 5858 # 下一页代码开始 5959 if self.current_page == self.total_count: 6060 nex = '<a class="page" href="javascript:void(0);">下一页</a>' 6161 else: 6262 nex = '<a class="page" href="%s?p=%s">下一页</a>' % (base_url,self.current_page + 1) 6363 page_list.append(nex) 6464 6565 page_str = "".join(page_list) 6666 6767 return page_str
pagination.py
11 def user_list(request): 22 current_page = request.GET.get("p",1) 33 current_page = int(current_page) #当前页 44 page_obj = pagination.Page(current_page,len(list)) 55 data=list[page_obj.start:page_obj.end] 66 page_str = page_obj.page_str("/user_list/") 77 return render(request,"user_list.html",{"list":data,"temp":page_str})
views.py
ORM操作
当我们的程序涉及到数据库相关操作时，我们一般都会这么搞：
-
创建数据库，设计表结构和字段
-
使用 MySQLdb 来连接数据库，并编写数据访问层代码
-
业务逻辑层去调用数据访问层执行数据库操作
import MySQLdb
def GetList(sql): db = MySQLdb.connect(user='root', db='wupeiqidb', passwd='1234', host='localhost') cursor = db.cursor() cursor.execute(sql) data = cursor.fetchall() db.close() return data
def GetSingle(sql): db = MySQLdb.connect(user='root', db='wupeiqidb', passwd='1234', host='localhost') cursor = db.cursor() cursor.execute(sql) data = cursor.fetchone() db.close() return data
django为使用一种新的方式，即：关系对象映射（Object Relational Mapping，简称ORM）。
PHP：activerecord
Java：Hibernate
C#：Entity Framework
django中遵循 Code Frist 的原则，即：根据代码中定义的类来自动生成数据库表。
1.创建表基本结构
1 1 a. 先写类(models.py) 2 2 from django.db import models 3 3 4 4 class UserInfo(models.Model): 5 5 # id列，自增，主键 6 6 # 用户名列，字符串类型，指定长度 7 7 username = models.CharField(max_length=32) 8 8 password = models.CharField(max_length=64) 9 9 1010 b. 注册APP (settings.py) 1111 1212 INSTALLED_APPS = [ 1313 'django.contrib.admin', 1414 'django.contrib.auth', 1515 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 1616 'django.contrib.sessions', 1717 'django.contrib.messages', 1818 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 1919 'app01', 2020 ] 2121 c. 执行命令(cmd) 2222 python manage.py makemigrations 2323 python manage.py migrate 2424 2525 d. ********** 注意 *********** 2626 Django默认使用MySQLdb模块链接MySQL 2727 主动修改为pymysql，在project同名文件夹下的__init__文件中添加如下代码 2828 2929 即可： 3030 import pymysql 3131 pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
表增删改查
1 1 def orm(request): 2 2 3 3 #增 4 4 # models.UserInfo.objects.create(username="alex",password=123) 5 5 6 6 # dic ={"username":"root","password":456} 7 7 # models.UserInfo.objects.create(**dic) 8 8 9 9 # obj = models.UserInfo(username="jack",password=789) 1010 # obj.save() 1111 1212 # 查 1313 # re = models.UserInfo.objects.all() 1414 # re = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username="root") 1515 # print(re) 1616 # for row in re: 1717 # print(row.id,row.username,row.password) 1818 1919 # 删除 2020 # models.UserInfo.objects.all().delete() 2121 # models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=3).delete() 2222 2323 # 修改 2424 models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=3).update(password=825) 2525 2626 return HttpResponse("ORM")
2.连表结构
一对多
a. 外键
b.
外键字段_id models.foreignkey("user_type",to_field="id") #约束条件
c.
models.tb.object.create(name='root', user_group_id=1)
d.
userlist = models.tb.object.all()
for row in userlist:
row.id
row.user_group_id
row.user_group.caption
a.一对多获取单表数据的方式
html
1 1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 2 <html lang="en"> 3 3 <head> 4 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 5 <title>Title</title> 6 6 </head> 7 7 <body> 8 8 <h1>业务线列表</h1> 9 9 <ul> 1010 {% for row in v1 %} 1111 <li>{{ row.id }}--{{ row.caption }}--{{ row.code }}</li> 1212 {% endfor %} 1313 <h2>zidian</h2> 1414 {% for row in v2 %} 1515 <li>{{ row.id }}--{{ row.caption }}</li> 1616 {% endfor %} 1717 <h2>yuanzu</h2> 1818 {% for row in v3 %} 1919 <li>{{ row.0}}--{{ row.1 }}</li> 2020 {% endfor %} 2121 </ul> 2222 </body> 2323 </html>
html
views
11 def biness(request): 22 v1 = models.Biness.objects.all() 33 44 v2 = models.Biness.objects.all().values("id","caption") 55 66 v3 = models.Biness.objects.all().values_list("id","caption") 77 88 return render(request,"biness.html",{"v1":v1,"v2":v2,"v3":v3})
views
b.一对多跨表操作的方式
html
1 1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 2 <html lang="en"> 3 3 <head> 4 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 5 <title>Title</title> 6 6 </head> 7 7 <body> 8 8 9 9 <table border="1"> 1010 <thead> 1111 <tr> 1212 {# <th>主机ID</th>#} 1313 <th>主机名</th> 1414 <th>IP</th> 1515 {# <th>端口号</th>#} 1616 <th>业务线ID</th> 1717 <th>业务线名</th> 1818 {# <th>业务线code</th>#} 1919 </tr> 2020 </thead> 2121 <tbody> 2222 {% for row in v1 %} 2323 <tr nid="{{ row.nid }}",bid="{{ row.b_id }}"> 2424 {# <td>{{ row.nid }}</td>#} 2525 <td>{{ row.host }}</td> 2626 <td>{{ row.ip }}</td> 2727 <td>{{ row.port }}</td> 2828 {# <td>{{ row.b_id }}</td>#} 2929 <td>{{ row.b.caption }}</td> 3030 {# <td>{{ row.b.code }}</td>#} 3131 </tr> 3232 {% endfor %} 3333 </tbody> 3434 </table> 3535 3636 <table border="1"> 3737 <thead> 3838 <tr> 3939 <th>主机ID</th> 4040 <th>主机名</th> 4141 <th>IP</th> 4242 {# <th>端口号</th>#} 4343 <th>业务线ID</th> 4444 <th>业务线名</th> 4545 {# <th>业务线code</th>#} 4646 </tr> 4747 </thead> 4848 <tbody> 4949 {% for row in v2 %} 5050 <tr> 5151 <td>{{ row.nid }}</td> 5252 <td>{{ row.host}}</td> 5353 <td>{{ row.ip }}</td> 5454 {# <td>{{ row.port }}</td>>#} 5555 <td>{{ row.b_id }}</td> 5656 <td>{{ row.b.caption }}</td> 5757 {# <td>{{ row.b.code }}</td>#} 5858 </tr> 5959 {% endfor %} 6060 </tbody> 6161 </table> 6262 6363 <table border="1"> 6464 <thead> 6565 <tr> 6666 <th>主机ID</th> 6767 <th>主机名</th> 6868 <th>IP</th> 6969 {# <th>端口号</th>#} 7070 <th>业务线ID</th> 7171 <th>业务线名</th> 7272 {# <th>业务线code</th>#} 7373 </tr> 7474 </thead> 7575 <tbody> 7676 {% for row in v3 %} 7777 <tr > 7878 <td>{{ row.0 }}</td> 7979 <td>{{ row.1 }}</td> 8080 <td>{{ row.2 }}</td> 8181 {# <td>{{ row.port }}</td>#} 8282 <td>{{ row.3 }}</td> 8383 <td>{{ row.4 }}</td> 8484 {# <td>{{ row.b.code }}</td>#} 8585 </tr> 8686 {% endfor %} 8787 </tbody> 8888 </table> 8989 9090 </body> 9191 </html>
html
views
11 def host(request): 22 # v1 = models.Host.objects.all() 33 v1 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0) 44 v2 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values("nid","host","ip","b_id","b__caption") 55 v3 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values_list("nid","host","ip","b_id","b__caption") 66 77 return render(request, "host.html", {"v1": v1,"v2":v2,"v3":v3})
views
实例：增加一对多的数据
host.html
1 1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 2 <html lang="en"> 3 3 <head> 4 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 5 <title>Title</title> 6 6 <style> 7 7 .hide{ 8 8 display: none; 9 9 } 10 10 .shade{ 11 11 position: fixed; 12 12 top:0; 13 13 right: 0; 14 14 bottom: 0; 15 15 left: 0; 16 16 background-color: black; 17 17 opacity: 0.6; 18 18 z-index: 9; 19 19 } 20 20 .content{ 21 21 position:fixed; 22 22 height: 300px; 23 23 width: 500px; 24 24 top:100px; 25 25 left: 50%; 26 26 background-color: white; 27 27 border: white 1px solid; 28 28 z-index: 10; 29 29 margin-left: -250px; 30 30 } 31 31 </style> 32 32 </head> 33 33 <body> 34 34 <div> 35 35 <input id="add_host" type="button" value="添加" /> 36 36 </div> 37 37 <table border="1"> 38 38 <thead> 39 39 <tr> 40 40 {# <th>主机ID</th>#} 41 41 <th>主机名</th> 42 42 <th>IP</th> 43 43 <th>端口号</th> 44 44 {# <th>业务线ID</th>#} 45 45 <th>业务线名</th> 46 46 {# <th>业务线code</th>#} 47 47 </tr> 48 48 </thead> 49 49 <tbody> 50 50 {% for row in v1 %} 51 51 <tr nid="{{ row.nid }}",bid="{{ row.b_id }}"> 52 52 {# <td>{{ row.nid }}</td>#} 53 53 <td>{{ row.host }}</td> 54 54 <td>{{ row.ip }}</td> 55 55 <td>{{ row.port }}</td> 56 56 {# <td>{{ row.b_id }}</td>#} 57 57 <td>{{ row.b.caption }}</td> 58 58 {# <td>{{ row.b.code }}</td>#} 59 59 </tr> 60 60 {% endfor %} 61 61 </tbody> 62 62 </table> 63 63 64 64 <table border="1"> 65 65 <thead> 66 66 <tr> 67 67 <th>主机ID</th> 68 68 <th>主机名</th> 69 69 <th>IP</th> 70 70 {# <th>端口号</th>#} 71 71 <th>业务线ID</th> 72 72 <th>业务线名</th> 73 73 {# <th>业务线code</th>#} 74 74 </tr> 75 75 </thead> 76 76 <tbody> 77 77 {% for row in v2 %} 78 78 <tr> 79 79 <td>{{ row.nid }}</td> 80 80 <td>{{ row.host}}</td> 81 81 <td>{{ row.ip }}</td> 82 82 {# <td>{{ row.port }}</td>>#} 83 83 <td>{{ row.b_id }}</td> 84 84 <td>{{ row.b.caption }}</td> 85 85 {# <td>{{ row.b.code }}</td>#} 86 86 </tr> 87 87 {% endfor %} 88 88 </tbody> 89 89 </table> 90 90 91 91 <table border="1"> 92 92 <thead> 93 93 <tr> 94 94 <th>主机ID</th> 95 95 <th>主机名</th> 96 96 <th>IP</th> 97 97 {# <th>端口号</th>#} 98 98 <th>业务线ID</th> 99 99 <th>业务线名</th> 100100 {# <th>业务线code</th>#} 101101 </tr> 102102 </thead> 103103 <tbody> 104104 {% for row in v3 %} 105105 <tr > 106106 <td>{{ row.0 }}</td> 107107 <td>{{ row.1 }}</td> 108108 <td>{{ row.2 }}</td> 109109 {# <td>{{ row.port }}</td>#} 110110 <td>{{ row.3 }}</td> 111111 <td>{{ row.4 }}</td> 112112 {# <td>{{ row.b.code }}</td>#} 113113 </tr> 114114 {% endfor %} 115115 </tbody> 116116 </table> 117117 118118 {# 遮罩层#} 119119 <div class="shade hide"></div> 120120 {# 弹出层#} 121121 <div class="content hide"> 122122 <form action="/host/" method="POST"> 123123 <div class="group"> 124124 <input type="text" placeholder="hostname" name="hostname" /> 125125 </div> 126126 <div class="group"> 127127 <input type="text" placeholder="ip" name="ip" /> 128128 </div> 129129 <div class="group"> 130130 <input type="text" placeholder="port" name="port" /> 131131 </div> 132132 <div> 133133 <select name="b_id"> 134134 {% for row in b_list %} 135135 <option value="{{ row.id }}">{{ row.caption }}</option> 136136 {% endfor %} 137137 138138 </select> 139139 </div> 140140 141141 <p><input type="submit" value="提交" /> 142142 <input id="del" type="button" value="取消" /></p> 143143 </form> 144144 </div> 145145 146146 <script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script> 147147 <script> 148148 $(function(){ 149149 $("#add_host").click(function () { 150150 $(".shade,.content").removeClass("hide") 151151 }) 152152 153153 $("#del").click(function () { 154154 $(".shade,.content").addClass("hide") 155155 }) 156156 }) 157157 158158 </script> 159159 </body> 160160 </html>
View Code
views.py
1 1 def host(request): 2 2 if request.method == "GET": 3 3 # v1 = models.Host.objects.all() 4 4 v1 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0) 5 5 v2 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values("nid","host","ip","b_id","b__caption") 6 6 v3 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values_list("nid","host","ip","b_id","b__caption") 7 7 8 8 b_list=models.Biness.objects.all() 9 9 1010 1111 return render(request, "host.html", {"v1": v1,"v2":v2,"v3":v3,"b_list":b_list}) 1212 elif request.method == "POST": 1313 h = request.POST.get("hostname") 1414 i = request.POST.get("ip") 1515 p = request.POST.get("port") 1616 b = request.POST.get("b_id") 1717 models.Host.objects.create(host=h,ip=i,port=p,b_id=b) 1818 1919 return redirect("/host")
View Code
使用ajax方式进行一对多的数据操作：
1 1 $("#add_ajax").click(function(){ 2 2 $.ajax({ 3 3 url:"/test_ajax/", 4 4 type:"POST", 5 5 data:{"hostname":$("#host").val(),"ip":$("#ip").val(),"port":$("#port").val(),"b_id":$("#sel").val()}, 6 6 success:function(data){ 7 7 var obj =JSON.parse(data); 8 8 if(obj.stauts){ 9 9 location.reload() 1010 }else{ 1111 $("#host_p").text(obj.error) 1212 } 1313 } 1414 }) 1515 })
host.html
1 1 def test_ajax(request): 2 2 3 3 ret={"stauts":True,"error":None,"data":None} 4 4 try: 5 5 h = request.POST.get("hostname") 6 6 i = request.POST.get("ip") 7 7 p = request.POST.get("port") 8 8 b = request.POST.get("b_id") 9 9 # print(h,i,p,b) 1010 if h and len(h) > 8: 1111 models.Host.objects.create(host=h, ip=i, port=p, b_id=b) 1212 1313 else: 1414 ret["stauts"]=False 1515 ret["error"]="Lack of longth " 1616 1717 except Exception as e: 1818 ret["stauts"] = False 1919 ret["error"] = "this is error" 2020 2121 return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))
views
ajax更多：https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/csrf/#ajax
编辑一对多表实例：
1 1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 2 <html lang="en"> 3 3 <head> 4 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 5 <title>Title</title> 6 6 <style> 7 7 .hide{ 8 8 display: none; 9 9 } 10 10 .shade{ 11 11 position: fixed; 12 12 top:0; 13 13 right: 0; 14 14 bottom: 0; 15 15 left: 0; 16 16 background-color: black; 17 17 opacity: 0.6; 18 18 z-index: 9; 19 19 } 20 20 .content,.edit_content{ 21 21 position:fixed; 22 22 height: 300px; 23 23 width: 500px; 24 24 top:100px; 25 25 left: 50%; 26 26 background-color: white; 27 27 border: white 1px solid; 28 28 z-index: 10; 29 29 margin-left: -250px; 30 30 } 31 31 </style> 32 32 </head> 33 33 <body> 34 34 <div> 35 35 <input id="add_host" type="button" value="添加" /> 36 36 </div> 37 37 <table border="1"> 38 38 <thead> 39 39 <tr> 40 40 {# <th>主机ID</th>#} 41 41 <th>主机名</th> 42 42 <th>IP</th> 43 43 <th>端口号</th> 44 44 {# <th>业务线ID</th>#} 45 45 <th>业务线名</th> 46 46 <th>操作</th> 47 47 </tr> 48 48 </thead> 49 49 <tbody> 50 50 {% for row in v1 %} 51 51 <tr nid="{{ row.nid }}" bid="{{ row.b_id }}"> 52 52 {# <td>{{ row.nid }}</td>#} 53 53 <td>{{ row.host }}</td> 54 54 <td>{{ row.ip }}</td> 55 55 <td>{{ row.port }}</td> 56 56 {# <td>{{ row.b_id }}</td>#} 57 57 <td>{{ row.b.caption }}</td> 58 58 <td> 59 59 <span class="edit">编辑</span>|<a href="/del_host?nid={{ row.nid }}">删除</a> 60 60 </td> 61 61 </tr> 62 62 {% endfor %} 63 63 </tbody> 64 64 </table> 65 65 66 66 {# <table border="1">#} 67 67 {# <thead>#} 68 68 {# <tr>#} 69 69 {# <th>主机ID</th>#} 70 70 {# <th>主机名</th>#} 71 71 {# <th>IP</th>#} 72 72 {# <th>端口号</th>#} 73 73 {# <th>业务线ID</th>#} 74 74 {# <th>业务线名</th>#} 75 75 {# <th>业务线code</th>#} 76 76 {# </tr>#} 77 77 {# </thead>#} 78 78 {# <tbody>#} 79 79 {# {% for row in v2 %}#} 80 80 {# <tr>#} 81 81 {# <td>{{ row.nid }}</td>#} 82 82 {# <td>{{ row.host}}</td>#} 83 83 {# <td>{{ row.ip }}</td>#} 84 84 {# <td>{{ row.port }}</td>>#} 85 85 {# <td>{{ row.b_id }}</td>#} 86 86 {# <td>{{ row.b.caption }}</td>#} 87 87 {# <td>{{ row.b.code }}</td>#} 88 88 {# </tr>#} 89 89 {# {% endfor %}#} 90 90 {# </tbody>#} 91 91 {# </table>#} 92 92 {##} 93 93 {# <table border="1">#} 94 94 {# <thead>#} 95 95 {# <tr>#} 96 96 {# <th>主机ID</th>#} 97 97 {# <th>主机名</th>#} 98 98 {# <th>IP</th>#} 99 99 {# <th>端口号</th>#} 100100 {# <th>业务线ID</th>#} 101101 {# <th>业务线名</th>#} 102102 {# <th>业务线code</th>#} 103103 {# </tr>#} 104104 {# </thead>#} 105105 {# <tbody>#} 106106 {# {% for row in v3 %}#} 107107 {# <tr >#} 108108 {# <td>{{ row.0 }}</td>#} 109109 {# <td>{{ row.1 }}</td>#} 110110 {# <td>{{ row.2 }}</td>#} 111111 {# <td>{{ row.port }}</td>#} 112112 {# <td>{{ row.3 }}</td>#} 113113 {# <td>{{ row.4 }}</td>#} 114114 {# <td>{{ row.b.code }}</td>#} 115115 {# </tr>#} 116116 {# {% endfor %}#} 117117 {# </tbody>#} 118118 {# </table>#} 119119 120120 {# 遮罩层#} 121121 <div class="shade hide"></div> 122122 {# 弹出层#} 123123 <div class="content hide"> 124124 <form action="/host/" method="POST"> 125125 <div class="group"> 126126 <input id="host" type="text" placeholder="hostname" name="hostname" /> 127127 <span id="host_p" style="color: red"></span> 128128 </div> 129129 <div class="group"> 130130 <input id="ip" type="text" placeholder="ip" name="ip" /> 131131 </div> 132132 <div class="group"> 133133 <input id="port" type="text" placeholder="port" name="port" /> 134134 </div> 135135 <div class="group"> 136136 <select id="sel" name="b_id"> 137137 {% for row in b_list %} 138138 <option value="{{ row.id }}">{{ row.caption }}</option> 139139 {% endfor %} 140140 </select> 141141 </div> 142142 143143 <p><input type="submit" value="提交" /> 144144 <a id="add_ajax" style="background-color: aqua">悄悄提交</a> 145145 <input id="del" type="button" value="取消" /></p> 146146 </form> 147147 </div> 148148 149149 <div class="edit_content hide"> 150150 <form id="edit_form" action="/host/" method="POST"> 151151 <div><input type="text" name="nid" style="display: none" /></div> 152152 <div> 153153 <input type="text" placeholder="hostname" name="hostname" /> 154154 </div> 155155 <div> 156156 <input type="text" placeholder="ip" name="ip" /> 157157 </div> 158158 <div> 159159 <input type="text" placeholder="port" name="port" /> 160160 </div> 161161 <div> 162162 <select name="b_id"> 163163 {% for row in b_list %} 164164 <option value="{{ row.id }}">{{ row.caption }}</option> 165165 {% endfor %} 166166 </select> 167167 </div> 168168 169169 <p> 170170 <a id="add_ajax_edit" style="background-color: aqua">确认编辑</a> 171171 <input id="edit_del" type="button" value="取消" /></p> 172172 </form> 173173 </div> 174174 175175 <script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script> 176176 <script> 177177 $(function(){ 178178 $("#add_host").click(function () { 179179 $(".shade,.content").removeClass("hide") 180180 }); 181181 182182 $("#del").click(function () { 183183 $(".shade,.content").addClass("hide") 184184 }); 185185 186186 $(".edit").click(function(){ 187187 $(".shade,.edit_content") .removeClass("hide"); 188188 189189 var h = $(this).parent().parent().children().first().text(); 190190 $("#edit_form").find("input[name='hostname']").val(h); 191191 192192 var i = $(this).parent().parent().children().first().next().text(); 193193 $("#edit_form").find("input[name='ip']").val(i); 194194 195195 var p = $(this).parent().parent().children().first().next().next().text(); 196196 $("#edit_form").find("input[name='port']").val(p); 197197 198198 var bid = $(this).parent().parent().attr("bid"); 199199 $("#edit_form").find("select").val(bid); 200200 201201 var nid = $(this).parent().parent().attr("nid"); 202202 $("#edit_form").find("input[name='nid']").val(nid); 203203 204204 205205 }); 206206 207207 $("#edit_del").click(function () { 208208 $(".shade,.edit_content").addClass("hide") 209209 }); 210210 211211 $("#add_ajax").click(function(){ 212212 $.ajax({ 213213 url:"/test_ajax/", 214214 type:"POST", 215215 data:{"hostname":$("#host").val(),"ip":$("#ip").val(),"port":$("#port").val(),"b_id":$("#sel").val()}, 216216 success:function(data){ 217217 var obj =JSON.parse(data); 218218 if(obj.stauts){ 219219 location.reload() 220220 }else{ 221221 $("#host_p").text(obj.error) 222222 } 223223 } 224224 }) 225225 }); 226226 227227 $("#add_ajax_edit").click(function(){ 228228 $.ajax({ 229229 url:"/test_ajax_edit/", 230230 type:"POST", 231231 {#data:{"hostname":$("#host").val(),"ip":$("#ip").val(),"port":$("#port").val(),"b_id":$("#sel").val()},#} 232232 data:$("#edit_form").serialize(), 233233 success:function(data){ 234234 var obj =JSON.parse(data); 235235 if(obj.stauts){ 236236 location.reload() 237237 }else{ 238238 $("#host_p").text(obj.error) 239239 } 240240 } 241241 }) 242242 }); 243243 }) 244244 </script> 245245 </body> 246246 </html>
host.html
1 1 """s14day20 URL Configuration 2 2 3 3 The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see: 4 4 https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/topics/http/urls/ 5 5 Examples: 6 6 Function views 7 7 1. Add an import: from my_app import views 8 8 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home') 9 9 Class-based views 1010 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home 1111 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home') 1212 Including another URLconf 1313 1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path 1414 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls')) 1515 """ 1616 from django.contrib import admin 1717 from django.urls import path 1818 from app01 import views 1919 2020 urlpatterns = [ 2121 path('admin/', admin.site.urls), 2222 path('biness/', views.biness), 2323 path('host/', views.host), 2424 path('test_ajax/', views.test_ajax), 2525 path('del_host/', views.del_host), 2626 path('test_ajax_edit/', views.test_ajax_edit), 2727 ]
url.py
1 1 from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse 2 2 import json 3 3 4 4 from app01 import models 5 5 6 6 # Create your views here. 7 7 def biness(request): 8 8 v1 = models.Biness.objects.all() 9 9 1010 v2 = models.Biness.objects.all().values("id","caption") 1111 1212 v3 = models.Biness.objects.all().values_list("id","caption") 1313 1414 return render(request,"biness.html",{"v1":v1,"v2":v2,"v3":v3}) 1515 1616 def host(request): 1717 if request.method == "GET": 1818 # v1 = models.Host.objects.all() 1919 v1 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0) 2020 v2 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values("nid","host","ip","b_id","b__caption") 2121 v3 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values_list("nid","host","ip","b_id","b__caption") 2222 2323 b_list=models.Biness.objects.all() 2424 2525 2626 return render(request, "host.html", {"v1": v1,"v2":v2,"v3":v3,"b_list":b_list}) 2727 elif request.method == "POST": 2828 h = request.POST.get("hostname") 2929 i = request.POST.get("ip") 3030 p = request.POST.get("port") 3131 b = request.POST.get("b_id") 3232 models.Host.objects.create(host=h,ip=i,port=p,b_id=b) 3333 3434 return redirect("/host") 3535 3636 def test_ajax(request): 3737 3838 ret={"stauts":True,"error":None,"data":None} 3939 try: 4040 h = request.POST.get("hostname") 4141 i = request.POST.get("ip") 4242 p = request.POST.get("port") 4343 b = request.POST.get("b_id") 4444 # print(h,i,p,b) 4545 if h and len(h) > 8: 4646 models.Host.objects.create(host=h, ip=i, port=p, b_id=b) 4747 4848 else: 4949 ret["stauts"]=False 5050 ret["error"]="Lack of longth " 5151 5252 except Exception as e: 5353 ret["stauts"] = False 5454 ret["error"] = "this is error" 5555 5656 return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret)) 5757 5858 def test_ajax_edit(request): 5959 ret = {"stauts": True, "error": None, "data": None} 6060 try: 6161 id = request.POST.get("nid") 6262 h = request.POST.get("hostname") 6363 i = request.POST.get("ip") 6464 p = request.POST.get("port") 6565 b = request.POST.get("b_id") 6666 # print(h,i,p,b) 6767 6868 models.Host.objects.filter(nid=id).update(host=h, ip=i, port=p, b_id=b) 6969 7070 except Exception as e: 7171 ret["stauts"] = False 7272 ret["error"] = "this is error" 7373 7474 return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret)) 7575 7676 def del_host(request): 7777 nnid = request.GET.get("nid") 7878 models.Host.objects.filter(nid=nnid).delete() 7979 return redirect("/host/")
views.py
实现了编辑表内容和删除表数据，编辑时候显示正在编辑的数据。使用ajax编辑。
c.创建多对多数据
models.py
1 1 方法一： 自定义创建多对多 2 2 from django.db import models 3 3 4 4 # Create your models here. 5 5 6 6 class Biness(models.Model): 7 7 caption = models.CharField(max_length=32) 8 8 code = models.CharField(max_length=32,default="sa") 9 9 1010 class Host(models.Model): 1111 nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) 1212 host = models.CharField(max_length=32,db_index=True) 1313 ip = models.GenericIPAddressField(db_index=True) 1414 port = models.IntegerField() 1515 b = models.ForeignKey(to="Biness",to_field="id",on_delete=models.CASCADE,) 1616 1717 class Application(models.Model): 1818 name = models.CharField(max_length=32) 1919 2020 2121 class HostToApp(models.Model): 2222 nobj = models.ForeignKey("Host",to_field="nid",on_delete=models.CASCADE,) 2323 aobj = models.ForeignKey("Application",to_field="id",on_delete=models.CASCADE,) 2424 2525 方法二：自动创建多对多 2626 from django.db import models 2727 2828 # Create your models here. 2929 3030 class Biness(models.Model): 3131 caption = models.CharField(max_length=32) 3232 code = models.CharField(max_length=32,default="sa") 3333 3434 class Host(models.Model): 3535 nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) 3636 host = models.CharField(max_length=32,db_index=True) 3737 ip = models.GenericIPAddressField(db_index=True) 3838 port = models.IntegerField() 3939 b = models.ForeignKey(to="Biness",to_field="id",on_delete=models.CASCADE,) 4040 4141 class Application(models.Model): 4242 name = models.CharField(max_length=32) 4343 4444 t = models.ManyToManyField("Host")
View Code
views.py
11 def app(request): 22 33 app_list = models.Application.objects.all() 44 55 66 return render(request,"app.html",{"app_list":app_list})
View Code
app.html
1 1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 2 <html lang="en"> 3 3 <head> 4 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 5 <title>Title</title> 6 6 </head> 7 7 <body> 8 8 <h1>应用列表</h1> 9 9 <table border="1"> 1010 <thead> 1111 <tr> 1212 <th>应用名称</th> 1313 <th>应用主机列表</th> 1414 </tr> 1515 </thead> 1616 <tbody> 1717 {% for row in app_list %} 1818 <tr> 1919 <td>{{ row.name }}</td> 2020 <td> 2121 {% for host in row.t.all %} 2222 <span style="background-color: aqua ;display: inline-block;padding: 3px;">{{ host.ip }}</span> 2323 {% endfor %} 2424 </td> 2525 </tr> 2626 {% endfor %} 2727 </tbody> 2828 </table> 2929 </body> 3030 </html>
View Code
多对多增加、删除、编辑实例：
1 1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 2 <html lang="en"> 3 3 <head> 4 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 5 <title>Title</title> 6 6 <style> 7 7 .hide{ 8 8 display: none; 9 9 } 10 10 .shade{ 11 11 position: fixed; 12 12 top:0; 13 13 right: 0; 14 14 bottom: 0; 15 15 left: 0; 16 16 background-color: black; 17 17 opacity: 0.6; 18 18 z-index: 9; 19 19 } 20 20 .content,.edit_content{ 21 21 position:fixed; 22 22 height: 300px; 23 23 width: 500px; 24 24 top:100px; 25 25 left: 50%; 26 26 background-color: white; 27 27 border: white 1px solid; 28 28 z-index: 10; 29 29 margin-left: -250px; 30 30 } 31 31 </style> 32 32 </head> 33 33 <body> 34 34 <h1>应用列表</h1> 35 35 <div> 36 36 <input id="add_host" type="button" value="添加" /> 37 37 </div> 38 38 <table border="1"> 39 39 <thead> 40 40 <tr> 41 41 <th>应用名称</th> 42 42 <th>应用主机列表</th> 43 43 <th>操作</th> 44 44 </tr> 45 45 </thead> 46 46 <tbody> 47 47 {% for row in app_list %} 48 48 <tr aid="{{ row.id }}"> 49 49 <td>{{ row.name }}</td> 50 50 <td> 51 51 {% for host in row.t.all %} 52 52 <span style="background-color: aqua ;display: inline-block;padding: 3px;" hid="{{ host.nid }}">{{ host.ip }}</span> 53 53 {% endfor %} 54 54 </td> 55 55 <td> 56 56 <span class="edit">编辑</span>|<a href="/del_app?nid={{ row.id }}">删除</a> 57 57 </td> 58 58 </tr> 59 59 {% endfor %} 60 60 </tbody> 61 61 </table> 62 62 63 63 {# 遮罩层#} 64 64 <div class="shade hide"></div> 65 65 {# 弹出层#} 66 66 <div class="content hide"> 67 67 <form action="/app/" method="POST" id="add_form"> 68 68 <div class="group"> 69 69 <input id="app_name" type="text" placeholder="app_name" name="app_name" /> 70 70 <span id="host_p" style="color: red"></span> 71 71 </div> 72 72 <div class="group"> 73 73 <select id="ip_name" name="ip_name" multiple> 74 74 {% for row in host_list %} 75 75 <option value="{{ row.nid }}">{{ row.ip}}</option> 76 76 {% endfor %} 77 77 </select> 78 78 </div> 79 79 80 80 <p><input type="submit" value="提交" /> 81 81 <input id="add_app_ajax" type="button" value="悄悄提交"> 82 82 <input id="del" type="button" value="取消" /> 83 83 </p> 84 84 </form> 85 85 </div> 86 86 87 87 <div class="edit_content hide"> 88 88 <form id="edit_form" action="/app/" method="POST"> 89 89 <div><input type="text" name="nid" style="display: none"/></div> 90 90 <div> 91 91 <input type="text" placeholder="app" name="app_name" /> 92 92 </div> 93 93 <div> 94 94 <select id="edit_ip_name" name="edit_ip_name" multiple> 95 95 {% for row in host_list %} 96 96 <option value="{{ row.nid }}">{{ row.ip}}</option> 97 97 {% endfor %} 98 98 </select> 99 99 </div> 100100 101101 <p> 102102 <input id="ajax_edit" type="button" value="确认编辑"> 103103 <input id="edit_del" type="button" value="取消" /></p> 104104 </form> 105105 </div> 106106 107107 <script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script> 108108 <script> 109109 $(function(){ 110110 $("#add_host").click(function () { 111111 $(".shade,.content").removeClass("hide") 112112 }); 113113 114114 $("#del").click(function () { 115115 $(".shade,.content").addClass("hide") 116116 }); 117117 118118 $(".edit").click(function(){ 119119 $(".shade,.edit_content") .removeClass("hide"); 120120 121121 var i = $(this).parent().parent().children().first().text(); 122122 $("#edit_form").find("input[name='app_name']").val(i); 123123 124124 var aid = $(this).parent().parent().attr("aid"); 125125 $("#edit_form").find("input[name='nid']").val(aid); 126126 127127 var hid_list=[]; 128128 $(this).parent().prev().children().each(function(){ 129129 var hid = $(this).attr("hid"); 130130 hid_list.push(hid) 131131 }); 132132 133133 $("#edit_form").find("select").val(hid_list); 134134 135135 }); 136136 137137 $("#edit_del").click(function () { 138138 $(".shade,.edit_content").addClass("hide") 139139 }); 140140 141141 $("#add_app_ajax").click(function () { 142142 $.ajax({ 143143 url:"/app_ajax/", 144144 type:"POST", 145145 dataType:"JSON", 146146 traditional:true, 147147 data:$("#add_form").serialize(), 148148 success:function(obj){ 149149 if(obj.stauts){ 150150 location.reload() 151151 }else{ 152152 $("#host_p").text(obj.error) 153153 } 154154 } 155155 }) 156156 }); 157157 158158 $("#ajax_edit").click(function(){ 159159 $.ajax({ 160160 url:"/test_app_edit/", 161161 type:"POST", 162162 dataType:"JSON", 163163 traditional:true, 164164 data:$("#edit_form").serialize(), 165165 success:function(obj){ 166166 if(obj.stauts){ 167167 location.reload() 168168 }else{ 169169 $("#host_p").text(obj.error) 170170 } 171171 } 172172 }) 173173 }); 174174 }) 175175 </script> 176176 </body> 177177 </html>
app.html
1 1 def del_app(request): 2 2 nnid = request.GET.get("nid") 3 3 models.Application.objects.filter(id=nnid).delete() 4 4 5 5 return redirect("/app/") 6 6 7 7 def app(request): 8 8 if request.method == "GET": 9 9 app_list = models.Application.objects.all() 1010 host_list = models.Host.objects.all() 1111 1212 return render(request,"app.html",{"app_list":app_list,"host_list":host_list}) 1313 elif request.method == "POST": 1414 app_name = request.POST.get("app_name") 1515 ip_name = request.POST.getlist("ip_name") 1616 print(app_name,ip_name) 1717 1818 obj = models.Application.objects.create(name=app_name) 1919 obj.t.add(*ip_name) 2020 2121 return redirect("/app/") 2222 2323 def app_ajax(request): 2424 ret ={"stauts":True,"error":None,"data":None} 2525 try: 2626 app_name = request.POST.get("app_name") 2727 ip_name = request.POST.getlist("ip_name") 2828 print(app_name,ip_name) 2929 3030 obj = models.Application.objects.create(name=app_name) 3131 obj.t.add(*ip_name) 3232 except Exception as e: 3333 ret["stauts"] = False 3434 ret["error"] = "this is error" 3535 3636 return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret)) 3737 3838 def test_app_edit(request): 3939 ret = {"stauts": True, "error": None, "data": None} 4040 try: 4141 id = request.POST.get("nid") 4242 name = request.POST.get("app_name") 4343 ip_list = request.POST.getlist("edit_ip_name") 4444 print(id,name,ip_list) 4545 4646 obj = models.Application.objects.get(id =id) 4747 obj.name = name 4848 4949 obj.t.set(ip_list) 5050 obj.save() 5151 except Exception as e: 5252 ret["stauts"] = False 5353 ret["error"] = "this is error" 5454 5555 return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))
views.py
*******************************To Be Continue************************************