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MyBatis初级实战
《MyBatis初级实战》系列旨在通过一系列编码实战,和读者一起掌握MyBatis的基本用法,帮助初学者快速运用MyBatis参与实际开发;
聚焦MyBatis
《MyBatis初级实战》面向的是对MyBatis有兴趣的读者,向读者们提供可用的方案和代码,这里不是比较Hibernate、sqltoy-orm的地方,作者也十分认可这些ORM框架,但《MyBatis初级实战》不参与比较;
关于MyBatis
引自官方:MyBatis 是一款优秀的持久层框架,它支持自定义 SQL、存储过程以及高级映射。MyBatis 免除了几乎所有的 JDBC 代码以及设置参数和获取结果集的工作。MyBatis 可以通过简单的 XML 或注解来配置和映射原始类型、接口和 Java POJO(Plain Old Java Objects,普通老式 Java 对象)为数据库中的记录。
实战环境
《MyBatis初级实战》系列的环境信息如下:
- JDK:1.8.0_181
- mybatis-spring-boot-starter:2.1.3(对应的MyBatis:3.5.5)
- Spring Boot:2.3.2.RELEASE
- MySQL:5.7.29
- 实战环境:win10
- 开发工具:IntelliJ IDEA 2019.2.1 (Ultimate Edition)
Spring Boot集成MyBatis常规步骤概览
Spring Boot集成MyBatis的常规步骤如下:
- maven中添加mybatis-spring-boot-starter的依赖;
- Spring Boot的配置中指定MyBatis配置文件的位置;
- Spring Boot的配置中指定MyBatis映射文件的位置;
- 添加MyBatis配置文件,后续MyBatis的常规配置集中在此;
- 映射文件xxxMapper.xml及其对应的接口文件;
- 业务代码中,Autowired注解修饰接口文件并使用;
- 接下来开始实战,咱们先把数据准备好;
准备数据
-
请您自行准备好MySQL服务,我这边MySQL是部署在docker上的,可以参考《群晖DS218+部署mysql》;
-
创建名为<font color="blue">mybatis</font>的数据库;
-
在<font color="blue">mybatis</font>数据库下执行以下SQL,即可创建本次实战所需数据:
USE mybatis;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS
user;CREATE TABLE
user(idint(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,namevarchar(32) NOT NULL,ageint(32) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS
log;CREATE TABLE
log(idint(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,user_idint(32),actionvarchar(255) NOT NULL,create_timedatetime not null, PRIMARY KEY (id) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;INSERT INTO mybatis.user (id, name, age) VALUES (3, 'tom', 11); INSERT INTO mybatis.log (id, user_id, action, create_time) VALUES (3, 3, 'read book', '2020-08-07 08:18:16');
源码下载
- 如果您不想编码,可以在GitHub下载所有源码,地址和链接信息如下表所示(https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos):
名称
链接
备注
项目主页
https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos
该项目在GitHub上的主页
git仓库地址(https)
https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos.git
该项目源码的仓库地址,https协议
git仓库地址(ssh)
git@github.com:zq2599/blog_demos.git
该项目源码的仓库地址,ssh协议
- 这个git项目中有多个文件夹,本章的应用在<font color="blue">mybatis</font>文件夹下,如下图红框所示:

关于父子工程
为了整个系列的代码好管理,我这边用maven创建的是父子工程,如果您只要子工程,不需要父子结构,要对子工程的pom.xml做以下调整:
-
parent节点原本如下:
<parent> <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath> </parent>
请替换成以下内容(也就是直接用>spring-boot-starter-parent作为父工程):
1<parent> 2 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 3 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> 4 <version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version> 5 <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> 6 </parent>
2. 子工程种的<font color="blue">dependency</font>节点中没有version子节点,这些都放在父工程的<font color="blue">dependencyManagement</font>中统一管理了,请您将<font color="red">version</font>添加到子工程的各个dependency节点:

- 接下来开始编码
创建父工程
创建名为<font color="blue">mybatis</font>的maven工程,pom.xml内容如下:
1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 5 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 6 7 <parent> 8 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 9 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> 10 <version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version> 11 <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> 12 </parent> 13 14 <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId> 15 <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> 16 <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> 17 <packaging>pom</packaging> 18 19 <properties> 20 <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> 21 <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> 22 <java.version>1.8</java.version> 23 </properties> 24 25 <modules> 26 <module>simple</module> 27 </modules> 28 29 <dependencyManagement> 30 31 <dependencies> 32 <dependency> 33 <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> 34 <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> 35 <version>2.1.3</version> 36 </dependency> 37 </dependencies> 38 39 </dependencyManagement> 40 41</project>
- 至此,准备工作算是全部完成了,接下来咱们开始创建一个典型的Spring Boot集成MyBatis的项目吧;
Spring Boot集成MyBatis
-
在父工程mybatis之下新建名为<font color="blue">simple</font>的Spring Boot子工程,其pom.xml内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath> </parent>
</project>1<groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId> 2<artifactId>simple</artifactId> 3<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> 4<name>simple</name> 5<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> 6 7<properties> 8 <java.version>1.8</java.version> 9</properties> 10 11<dependencies> 12 <dependency> 13 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 14 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> 15 </dependency> 16 <dependency> 17 <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> 18 <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> 19 <version>2.1.3</version> 20 </dependency> 21 <dependency> 22 <groupId>mysql</groupId> 23 <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> 24 <scope>runtime</scope> 25 </dependency> 26 27 <dependency> 28 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 29 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> 30 <scope>test</scope> 31 <exclusions> 32 <exclusion> 33 <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId> 34 <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId> 35 </exclusion> 36 </exclusions> 37 </dependency> 38</dependencies> 39 40<build> 41 <plugins> 42 <plugin> 43 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 44 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> 45 </plugin> 46 </plugins> 47</build> -
Spring Boot配置文件是<font color="blue">simple/src/main/resources/application.yml</font>,内容如下:
server: port: 8080
spring:
数据源
datasource: username: root password: 123456 url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.50.43:3306/mybatis?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true&serverTimezone=UTC driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
mybatis配置
mybatis:
配置文件所在位置
config-location: classpath:mybatis-config.xml
映射文件所在位置
mapper-locations: classpath:mappers/*Mapper.xml
日志配置
logging: level: root: INFO com: bolingcavalry: simple: mapper: debug
-
新建user表对应的实体类User.java:
package com.bolingcavalry.simple.entity;
/**
-
@Description: 实体类
-
@author: willzhao E-mail: zq2599@gmail.com
-
@date: 2020/8/4 8:24 */ public class User { private Integer id; private String name; private Integer age;
public Integer getId() { return id; }
public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; }
public String getName() { return name; }
public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }
public Integer getAge() { return age; }
public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; }
@Override public String toString() { return "User{" + "id=" + id + ", name='" + name + ''' + ", age=" + age + '}'; } }
-
-
新建log表对应的实体类Log.java:
package com.bolingcavalry.simple.entity;
import java.sql.Date;
/**
-
@Description: 实体类
-
@author: willzhao E-mail: zq2599@gmail.com
-
@date: 2020/8/4 8:24 */ public class Log { private Integer id; private Integer userId; private String action; private Date createTime;
public Integer getId() { return id; }
public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; }
public Integer getUserId() { return userId; }
public void setUserId(Integer userId) { this.userId = userId; }
public String getAction() { return action; }
public void setAction(String action) { this.action = action; }
public Date getCreateTime() { return createTime; }
public void setCreateTime(Date createTime) { this.createTime = createTime; }
@Override public String toString() { return "Log{" + "id=" + id + ", userId=" + userId + ", action='" + action + ''' + ", createTime=" + createTime + '}'; } }
-
-
接下来会新建三个配置文件,先来看下它们的位置,以免后面放错地方引起不必要的麻烦:
6. application.yml所在目录下,新增名为<font color="blue">mybatis-config.xml</font>的文件,这是mybatis的配置文件,本例很简单只有一个配置,内容如下:
1<!DOCTYPE configuration 2 PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" 3 "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"> 4<configuration> 5 <typeAliases> 6 <!-- 映射文件中的类不用写全路径了--> 7 <package name="com.bolingcavalry.simple.entity"/> 8 </typeAliases> 9</configuration>
7. <font color="blue">resources/mappers</font>目录下,新增名为<font color="red">UserMapper.xml</font>的文件,和user表相关的查询都在此,本文只有一个查询user表的操作,注意下文中的resultType等于User,这里没有写User类的完整路径,是因为前面mybatis-config.xml文件中配置了typeAliases的package节点的缘故:
1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> 3<mapper namespace="com.bolingcavalry.simple.mapper.UserMapper"> 4 <select id="sel" parameterType="int" resultType="User"> 5 select * from user where id = #{id} 6 </select> 7</mapper>
8. 再新增<font color="blue">LogMapper.xml</font>,如下所示,log表中的<font color="blue">user_id</font>字段在Log.java中没有同名的字段,因此要新增resultMap来建立数据库和实体类的字段映射关系,再在select节点用上这个关系,注意要用<font color="red">resultMap</font>属性(UserMapper.xml中用的是<font color="blue">resultType</font>):
1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> 3<mapper namespace="com.bolingcavalry.simple.mapper.LogMapper"> 4 5 <resultMap id="logResultMap" type="Log"> 6 <id property="id" column="id" /> 7 <result column="user_id" jdbcType="INTEGER" property="userId" /> 8 <result column="action" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="action" /> 9 <result column="create_time" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" property="createTime" /> 10 </resultMap> 11 12 <select id="sel" parameterType="int" resultMap="logResultMap"> 13 select * from log where id = #{id} 14 </select> 15</mapper>
9. 接下来是业务要用到的接口文件,第一个是UserMapper.java:
1package com.bolingcavalry.simple.mapper; 2 3import com.bolingcavalry.simple.entity.User; 4import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; 5 6@Repository 7public interface UserMapper { 8 User sel(int id); 9}
10. 第二个是LogMapper.java:
1package com.bolingcavalry.simple.mapper; 2 3import com.bolingcavalry.simple.entity.Log; 4import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; 5 6@Repository 7public interface LogMapper { 8 Log sel(int id); 9}
11. 上述两个类都使用了<font color="blue">Repository</font>注解,作用是避免在编码过程中,IDEA给出红线提示,如下图:
12. 映射配置完毕,接下来就可以在应用中使用了,先为user做一个service类UserService.java,里面通过<font color="blue">Autowired</font>注解注入UserMapper的实现:
1package com.bolingcavalry.simple.service; 2 3import com.bolingcavalry.simple.entity.User; 4import com.bolingcavalry.simple.mapper.UserMapper; 5import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 6import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; 7 8@Service 9public class UserService { 10 @Autowired 11 UserMapper userMapper; 12 13 public User sel(int id){ 14 return userMapper.sel(id); 15 } 16}
13. 再为log做service类LogService.java:
1package com.bolingcavalry.simple.service; 2 3import com.bolingcavalry.simple.entity.Log; 4import com.bolingcavalry.simple.mapper.LogMapper; 5import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 6import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; 7 8@Service 9public class LogService { 10 @Autowired 11 LogMapper logMapper; 12 13 public Log sel(int id){ 14 return logMapper.sel(id); 15 } 16}
14. 最后是响应web请求的controller类,第一个是UserController.java:
1package com.bolingcavalry.simple.controller; 2 3import com.bolingcavalry.simple.service.UserService; 4import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 5import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; 6import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 7import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; 8 9@RestController 10public class UserController { 11 @Autowired 12 private UserService userService; 13 14 @RequestMapping("user/{id}") 15 public String GetUser(@PathVariable int id){ 16 return userService.sel(id).toString(); 17 } 18}
15. 然后是LogController.java:
1package com.bolingcavalry.simple.controller; 2 3import com.bolingcavalry.simple.service.LogService; 4import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 5import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; 6import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 7import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; 8 9@RestController 10public class LogController { 11 @Autowired 12 private LogService logService; 13 14 @RequestMapping("log/{id}") 15 public String log(@PathVariable int id){ 16 return logService.sel(id).toString(); 17 } 18}
16. 最后是引导类SimpleApplication.java,注意MapperScan注解会自动扫描包路径下的所有接口,这样UserMapper和LogMapper就不用加Mapper注解了:
1package com.bolingcavalry.simple; 2 3import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan; 4import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; 5import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; 6 7@SpringBootApplication 8@MapperScan("com.bolingcavalry.simple.mapper") 9public class SimpleApplication { 10 11 public static void main(String[] args) { 12 SpringApplication.run(SimpleApplication.class, args); 13 } 14}
- 至此,编码完成,可以启动验证了;
验证
- 启动SpringBoot应用的方式有两种,最简单的办法是再IDEA中直接启动,如下图:

- 第二种是simple的目录下执行<font color="blue">mvn clean package -U</font>,就会在<font color="blue">target</font>目录得到文件<font color="red">simple-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar</font>,再执行<font color="blue">java -jar simple-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar</font>即可启动;
- 在浏览器访问<font color="blue">http://localhost:8080/user/3</font>,可以得到user表的查询结果:
4. 访问<font color="blue">http://localhost:8080/log/3</font>,可以得到log表的查询结果:
5. 在控制台可以看到日志如下所示,这是我们开发期间调试问题的重要线索:
至此,入门级SpringBoot集成MyBatis的实战就完成了,接下来的系列内容会有更多实战,咱们一起来学习和掌握MyBatis的基本用法;
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