需要安装erlang和RabbitMQ
1. 一对一
producer：
1import pika 2 3connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( 4 'localhost')) 5channel = connection.channel() 6 7# 声明queue 8channel.queue_declare(queue='hello',durable=True) # durable=True,将队列持久化，哪怕 RabbitMQ服务重启，此队列依然存在 9 10# RabbitMQ a message can never be sent directly to the queue, it always needs to go through an exchange. 11channel.basic_publish(exchange='', 12 routing_key='hello', 13 body='Hello World!', 14 properties=pika.BasicProperties(delivery_mode=2) # 将队列中的消息也持久化 15 ) 16print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'") 17connection.close()
consumer:
1import pika 2import time 3 4connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( 5 'localhost')) 6channel = connection.channel() 7 8# 为什么又声明一遍这个队列（生产者已经声明过了），因为如果消费者先运行起来，此时又没有声明的话，会报错， 9# 所以在这里重新声明一遍，防止出错罢了。 10channel.queue_declare(queue='hello',durable=True) # durable=True,将队列持久化，哪怕 RabbitMQ服务重启，此队列依然存在 11 12 13def callback(ch, method, properties, body): 14 print('-->',ch,method,properties) 15 # time.sleep(30) 16 print(" [x] Received %r" % body) 17 ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag) # 手动应答，只有消费者确认了，才会从队列删除 18 19channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1) # 只要一个消费者的队列中还有1个消息,就不继续推送给这个消费者 20 21channel.basic_consume('hello', 22 callback, 23 # auto_ack=True # 自动应答，消费者一收到消息，消息就自动从队列中删除，如果消费者没有处理完此消息，也会删除。 24 ) 25 26print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C') 27channel.start_consuming()
2. 一对多广播：fanout
producer：
1import pika 2import sys 3 4connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( 5 host='localhost')) 6channel = connection.channel() 7 8channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', # 随意声明一个叫 logs 的 exchange 9 exchange_type='fanout') # 类型用fanout,可以对所有绑定此exchange的channel进行广播 10 11message = "info: Hello World!" 12channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs', 13 routing_key='', # 不设定routing_key,就是对所有绑定此exchange的channel进行推送消息 14 body=message) 15print(" [x] Sent %r" % message) 16connection.close()
consumer：
1import pika 2 3connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( 4 host='localhost')) 5channel = connection.channel() 6 7channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', 8 exchange_type='fanout') 9 10result = channel.queue_declare('',exclusive=True) # queue名字为空,rabbit会随机分配一个名字,exclusive=True会在使用此queue的消费者断开后,自动将queue删除 11queue_name = result.method.queue 12 13channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs', # 绑定名为logs的exchange 14 queue=queue_name) 15 16print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C') 17 18def callback(ch, method, properties, body): 19 print(" [x] %r" % body) 20 21channel.basic_consume(queue_name, 22 callback, 23 auto_ack=True) 24 25channel.start_consuming()
3. 有选择的接受消息：direct
producer：
1import pika 2import sys 3 4connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( 5 host='localhost')) 6channel = connection.channel() 7 8channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', 9 exchange_type='direct') 10 11severity = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'info' 12message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!' 13channel.basic_publish(exchange='direct_logs', 14 routing_key=severity, 15 body=message) 16print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (severity, message)) 17connection.close()
consumer：
1import pika 2import sys 3 4connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( 5 host='localhost')) 6channel = connection.channel() 7 8channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', # 声明一个exchange的名字和类型 9 exchange_type='direct') 10 11result = channel.queue_declare('',exclusive=True)# 随机生成一个唯一的queue 12queue_name = result.method.queue 13 14severities = sys.argv[1:] # 从命令行获取参数 15if not severities: 16 # sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [info] [warning] [error]\n" % sys.argv[0]) 17 # sys.exit(1) 18 severities = ['info'] 19 20 21for severity in severities: 22 channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs', # 绑定到direct_logs上 23 queue=queue_name, 24 routing_key=severity) # 指向相应的生产者上 25 26print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C') 27 28 29def callback(ch, method, properties, body): 30 print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body)) 31 32channel.basic_consume(queue_name, 33 callback, 34 auto_ack=True) 35channel.start_consuming()
3. 过滤特殊字段的消息：topic
producer：
1import pika 2import sys 3 4connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( 5 host='localhost')) 6channel = connection.channel() 7 8channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs', 9 exchange_type='topic') 10 11routing_key = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'anonymous.info' 12message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!' 13channel.basic_publish(exchange='topic_logs', 14 routing_key=routing_key, 15 body=message) 16print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (routing_key, message)) 17connection.close()
consumer：
1import pika 2import sys 3 4connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( 5 host='localhost')) 6channel = connection.channel() 7 8channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs', 9 exchange_type='topic') 10 11result = channel.queue_declare('',exclusive=True) 12queue_name = result.method.queue 13 14binding_keys = sys.argv[1:] 15if not binding_keys: 16 # sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [binding_key]...\n" % sys.argv[0]) 17 # sys.exit(1) 18 binding_keys = ['anonymous.*'] # *代表匹配任意字符,# 代表匹配所有:binding_keys=['#','*.abc','aaa.*'] 19 20for binding_key in binding_keys: 21 channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs', 22 queue=queue_name, 23 routing_key=binding_key) 24 25print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C') 26 27 28def callback(ch, method, properties, body): 29 print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body)) 30 31 32channel.basic_consume(queue_name, 33 callback, 34 auto_ack=True) 35 36channel.start_consuming()