开发工具： Pycharm
游戏介绍： 玩家通过交换蛋糕的位置消除蛋糕，如果有三个或以上同样的蛋糕处于一个直线或T字形的位置，将会发生消除，并加载新的蛋糕。在规定时间内消除越多的蛋糕则分数越高。
游戏运行截图：
游戏制作步骤
一、准备素材
收集处理需要用到的素材（包括图片、声音、字体等）
二、编写代码，实现游戏界面
1.定义config.py文件存储相关参数：包括界面的宽高，整个方格行列个数，总格数等等。
参数设置：
1WIDTH = 600 2HEIGHT = 600 3NUMGRID = 8 4GRIDSIZE = 64 5XMARGIN = (WIDTH - GRIDSIZE * NUMGRID) // 2 6YMARGIN = (HEIGHT - GRIDSIZE * NUMGRID) // 2 7ROOTDIR = os.getcwd() 8FPS = 30
2.定义utils.py文件用于存放基础的类和函数：包括整个消除拼图类，游戏类，拼图块移动函数，坐标设置与获取函数，开始游戏主函数，初始化随机生成拼图函数，时间倒计时展示函数，显示得分函数，加分函数，消除函数以及消除后新拼图块生成函数，拼图交换位置函数等等。
1） 导入库:time计时，random生成随机数，pygame跨平台Python模块主要用于游戏图形化界面生成以及音频播放，config自己定义的相关变量
1import sys 2import time 3import random 4import pygame 5from config import *
2） 定义拼图类
class gemSprite(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
主要有函数：
初始化函数：self=类具体化对象本身，img_path=图片文件所在路径，size=整个界面大小，position=拼图块位置，downlen=消除拼图块后下降格数
def __init__(self, img_path, size, position, downlen, **kwargs):
移动函数：主要通过鼠标控制拼图块交换方向，有上下左右四个方向
def move(self):
获取坐标函数:获取当前拼图块坐标，主要通过左（left）和上（top）两个方向定义坐标距离
def getPosition(self):
设置坐标函数：设置拼图块坐标
def setPosition(self, position):
3） 定义游戏类：
class gemGame():
主要函数有：
初始化函数：self=类具体化对象本身,screen=屏幕，sounds=音频，font=字体，gem_imgs=拼图块图片
def __init__(self, screen, sounds, font, gem_imgs, **kwargs):
开始游戏函数：游戏开始主循环
def start(self):
随机拼图块生成函数：消除后随机生成新的拼图模块
def reset(self):
显示游戏倒计时时间函数：
def showRemainingTime(self):
显示得分函数：
def drawScore(self):
分数计算函数：
def drawAddScore(self, add_score):
新拼图块生成函数：
def generateNewGems(self, res_match):
消除匹配成功的拼图块：行或列三个一样的拼图块出现即消除
def removeMatched(self, res_match):
界面网格绘制：
def drawGrids(self):
画矩形框：
def drawBlock(self, block, color=(255, 240, 245), size=4):
新的拼图块出现下落特效：
def dropGems(self, x, y):
是否每个位置都有拼图块：
def isFull(self):
检查有无拼图块被选中：
def checkSelected(self, position):
有无行列三个拼图块相同判断：
def isMatch(self):
根据坐标获取对应位置的拼图对象：
def getGemByPos(self, x, y):
交换拼图函数：
def swapGem(self, gem1_pos, gem2_pos):
3.定义main.py主函数：主要用于界面初始化开启游戏主程序
1） 导入库
1import os 2import pygame 3from utils import * 4from config import *
2） 游戏主程序定义：
def main():
主要功能：
游戏界面初始化：
1pygame.init() 2 size = width, height = (WIDTH,HEIGHT) 3 screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size, pygame.RESIZABLE) # 窗口模式 4 bg = pygame.image.load("bg.jpg") 5 screen.blit(pygame.transform.scale(bg, size), (0, 0)) # 背景能伸缩 6 clock = pygame.time.Clock() 7 pygame.display.set_caption('消消乐')
加载音效资源：
1# 加载背景音乐 2 pygame.mixer.init() 3 pygame.mixer.music.load(os.path.join(ROOTDIR, "resources/audios/bg.mp3")) 4 pygame.mixer.music.set_volume(0.6) 5 pygame.mixer.music.play(-1) 6# 加载音效 7 sounds = {} 8 sounds['mismatch'] = pygame.mixer.Sound(os.path.join(ROOTDIR, 'resources/audios/badswap.wav')) 9 sounds['match'] = [] 10 for i in range(6): 11 sounds['match'].append(pygame.mixer.Sound(os.path.join(ROOTDIR, 'resources/audios/match%s.wav' % i)))
加载字体资源：
font = pygame.font.Font(os.path.join(ROOTDIR, 'resources/font.TTF'), 25)
加载图片资源：
1gem_imgs = [] 2 for i in range(1, 8): 3 gem_imgs.append(os.path.join(ROOTDIR, 'resources/images/gem%s.png' % i))
游戏主循环：
1game = gemGame(screen, sounds, font, gem_imgs) 2 while True: 3 score = game.start() 4 flag = False 5 # 一轮游戏结束后玩家选择重玩或者退出 6 while True: 7 # clock.tick(60) 8 for event in pygame.event.get(): 9 if event.type == pygame.QUIT or (event.type == pygame.KEYUP and event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE): 10 pygame.quit() 11 sys.exit() 12 elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP and event.key == pygame.K_r: 13 size = width, height = event.size[0], event.size[1] # 获取新的size 14 # screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size, pygame.RESIZABLE) 15 # screen.blit(pygame.transform.scale(bg, size), (0, 0)) # 背景能伸缩 16 flag = True 17 if flag: 18 break 19 # screen.blit(back_image, (0, 0)) 20 # screen.fill((135, 206, 235)) 21 screen.blit(pygame.transform.scale(bg, size), (0, 0)) # 背景能伸缩 22 pygame.display.flip() 23 text0 = 'Final score: %s' % score 24 text1 = 'Press <R> to restart the game.' 25 text2 = 'Press <Esc> to quit the game.' 26 text3 = 'Producer: KongXinger & HeJin' 27 y = 150 28 for idx, text in enumerate([text0, text1, text2, text3]): 29 text_render = font.render(text, 1, (85, 65, 0)) 30 rect = text_render.get_rect() 31 if idx == 0: 32 rect.left, rect.top = (212, y) 33 elif idx == 1: 34 rect.left, rect.top = (122.5, y) 35 elif idx == 1: 36 rect.left, rect.top = (126.5, y) 37 else: 38 rect.left, rect.top = (130.5, y) 39 y += 80 40 screen.blit(text_render, rect) 41 pygame.display.update() 42 game.reset()
主程序：
1if __name__ == '__main__': 2 main()
三、运行测试
完整参考代码：
config.py
1import os 2 3WIDTH = 600 4HEIGHT = 600 5NUMGRID = 8 6GRIDSIZE = 64 7XMARGIN = (WIDTH - GRIDSIZE * NUMGRID) // 2 8YMARGIN = (HEIGHT - GRIDSIZE * NUMGRID) // 2 9ROOTDIR = os.getcwd() 10FPS = 30
utils.py
1import sys 2import time 3import random 4import pygame 5from config import * 6 7 8'''拼图精灵类''' 9class gemSprite(pygame.sprite.Sprite): 10 def __init__(self, img_path, size, position, downlen, **kwargs): 11 pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self) 12 self.image = pygame.image.load(img_path) 13 self.image = pygame.transform.smoothscale(self.image, size) 14 self.rect = self.image.get_rect() 15 self.rect.left, self.rect.top = position 16 self.downlen = downlen 17 self.target_x = position[0] 18 self.target_y = position[1] + downlen 19 self.type = img_path.split('/')[-1].split('.')[0] 20 self.fixed = False 21 self.speed_x = 10 22 self.speed_y = 10 23 self.direction = 'down' 24 '''拼图块移动''' 25 def move(self): 26 if self.direction == 'down': 27 self.rect.top = min(self.target_y, self.rect.top+self.speed_y) 28 if self.target_y == self.rect.top: 29 self.fixed = True 30 elif self.direction == 'up': 31 self.rect.top = max(self.target_y, self.rect.top-self.speed_y) 32 if self.target_y == self.rect.top: 33 self.fixed = True 34 elif self.direction == 'left': 35 self.rect.left = max(self.target_x, self.rect.left-self.speed_x) 36 if self.target_x == self.rect.left: 37 self.fixed = True 38 elif self.direction == 'right': 39 self.rect.left = min(self.target_x, self.rect.left+self.speed_x) 40 if self.target_x == self.rect.left: 41 self.fixed = True 42 '''获取坐标''' 43 def getPosition(self): 44 return self.rect.left, self.rect.top 45 '''设置坐标''' 46 def setPosition(self, position): 47 self.rect.left, self.rect.top = position 48 49 50'''游戏类''' 51class gemGame(): 52 def __init__(self, screen, sounds, font, gem_imgs, **kwargs): 53 self.info = 'Gemgem' 54 self.screen = screen 55 self.sounds = sounds 56 self.font = font 57 self.gem_imgs = gem_imgs 58 self.reset() 59 '''开始游戏''' 60 def start(self): 61 clock = pygame.time.Clock() 62 # 遍历整个游戏界面更新位置 63 overall_moving = True 64 # 指定某些对象个体更新位置 65 individual_moving = False 66 # 定义一些必要的变量 67 gem_selected_xy = None 68 gem_selected_xy2 = None 69 swap_again = False 70 add_score = 0 71 add_score_showtimes = 10 72 time_pre = int(time.time()) 73 # 游戏主循环 74 while True: 75 for event in pygame.event.get(): 76 if event.type == pygame.QUIT or (event.type == pygame.KEYUP and event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE): 77 pygame.quit() 78 sys.exit() 79 elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONUP: 80 if (not overall_moving) and (not individual_moving) and (not add_score): 81 position = pygame.mouse.get_pos() 82 if gem_selected_xy is None: 83 gem_selected_xy = self.checkSelected(position) 84 else: 85 gem_selected_xy2 = self.checkSelected(position) 86 if gem_selected_xy2: 87 if self.swapGem(gem_selected_xy, gem_selected_xy2): 88 individual_moving = True 89 swap_again = False 90 else: 91 gem_selected_xy = None 92 if overall_moving: 93 overall_moving = not self.dropGems(0, 0) 94 # 移动一次可能可以拼出多个3连块 95 if not overall_moving: 96 res_match = self.isMatch() 97 add_score = self.removeMatched(res_match) 98 if add_score > 0: 99 overall_moving = True 100 if individual_moving: 101 gem1 = self.getGemByPos(*gem_selected_xy) 102 gem2 = self.getGemByPos(*gem_selected_xy2) 103 gem1.move() 104 gem2.move() 105 if gem1.fixed and gem2.fixed: 106 res_match = self.isMatch() 107 if res_match[0] == 0 and not swap_again: 108 swap_again = True 109 self.swapGem(gem_selected_xy, gem_selected_xy2) 110 self.sounds['mismatch'].play() 111 else: 112 add_score = self.removeMatched(res_match) 113 overall_moving = True 114 individual_moving = False 115 gem_selected_xy = None 116 gem_selected_xy2 = None 117 self.screen.fill((135, 206, 235)) 118 self.drawGrids() 119 self.gems_group.draw(self.screen) 120 if gem_selected_xy: 121 self.drawBlock(self.getGemByPos(*gem_selected_xy).rect) 122 if add_score: 123 if add_score_showtimes == 10: 124 random.choice(self.sounds['match']).play() 125 self.drawAddScore(add_score) 126 add_score_showtimes -= 1 127 if add_score_showtimes < 1: 128 add_score_showtimes = 10 129 add_score = 0 130 self.remaining_time -= (int(time.time()) - time_pre) 131 time_pre = int(time.time()) 132 self.showRemainingTime() 133 self.drawScore() 134 if self.remaining_time <= 0: 135 return self.score 136 pygame.display.update() 137 clock.tick(FPS) 138 '''初始化''' 139 def reset(self): 140 # 随机生成各个块(即初始化游戏地图各个元素) 141 while True: 142 self.all_gems = [] 143 self.gems_group = pygame.sprite.Group() 144 for x in range(NUMGRID): 145 self.all_gems.append([]) 146 for y in range(NUMGRID): 147 gem = gemSprite(img_path=random.choice(self.gem_imgs), size=(GRIDSIZE, GRIDSIZE), position=[XMARGIN+x*GRIDSIZE, YMARGIN+y*GRIDSIZE-NUMGRID*GRIDSIZE], downlen=NUMGRID*GRIDSIZE) 148 self.all_gems[x].append(gem) 149 self.gems_group.add(gem) 150 if self.isMatch()[0] == 0: 151 break 152 # 得分 153 self.score = 0 154 # 拼出一个的奖励 155 self.reward = 10 156 # 时间 157 self.remaining_time = 20 158 '''显示剩余时间''' 159 def showRemainingTime(self): 160 remaining_time_render = self.font.render('CountDown: %ss' % str(self.remaining_time), 1, (85, 65, 0)) 161 rect = remaining_time_render.get_rect() 162 rect.left, rect.top = (WIDTH-201, 6) 163 self.screen.blit(remaining_time_render, rect) 164 '''显示得分''' 165 def drawScore(self): 166 score_render = self.font.render('SCORE:'+str(self.score), 1, (85, 65, 0)) 167 rect = score_render.get_rect() 168 rect.left, rect.top = (10, 6) 169 self.screen.blit(score_render, rect) 170 '''显示加分''' 171 def drawAddScore(self, add_score): 172 score_render = self.font.render('+'+str(add_score), 1, (255, 100, 100)) 173 rect = score_render.get_rect() 174 rect.left, rect.top = (250, 250) 175 self.screen.blit(score_render, rect) 176 '''生成新的拼图块''' 177 def generateNewGems(self, res_match): 178 if res_match[0] == 1: 179 start = res_match[2] 180 while start > -2: 181 for each in [res_match[1], res_match[1]+1, res_match[1]+2]: 182 gem = self.getGemByPos(*[each, start]) 183 if start == res_match[2]: 184 self.gems_group.remove(gem) 185 self.all_gems[each][start] = None 186 elif start >= 0: 187 gem.target_y += GRIDSIZE 188 gem.fixed = False 189 gem.direction = 'down' 190 self.all_gems[each][start+1] = gem 191 else: 192 gem = gemSprite(img_path=random.choice(self.gem_imgs), size=(GRIDSIZE, GRIDSIZE), position=[XMARGIN+each*GRIDSIZE, YMARGIN-GRIDSIZE], downlen=GRIDSIZE) 193 self.gems_group.add(gem) 194 self.all_gems[each][start+1] = gem 195 start -= 1 196 elif res_match[0] == 2: 197 start = res_match[2] 198 while start > -4: 199 if start == res_match[2]: 200 for each in range(0, 3): 201 gem = self.getGemByPos(*[res_match[1], start+each]) 202 self.gems_group.remove(gem) 203 self.all_gems[res_match[1]][start+each] = None 204 elif start >= 0: 205 gem = self.getGemByPos(*[res_match[1], start]) 206 gem.target_y += GRIDSIZE * 3 207 gem.fixed = False 208 gem.direction = 'down' 209 self.all_gems[res_match[1]][start+3] = gem 210 else: 211 gem = gemSprite(img_path=random.choice(self.gem_imgs), size=(GRIDSIZE, GRIDSIZE), position=[XMARGIN+res_match[1]*GRIDSIZE, YMARGIN+start*GRIDSIZE], downlen=GRIDSIZE*3) 212 self.gems_group.add(gem) 213 self.all_gems[res_match[1]][start+3] = gem 214 start -= 1 215 '''移除匹配的gem''' 216 def removeMatched(self, res_match): 217 if res_match[0] > 0: 218 self.generateNewGems(res_match) 219 self.score += self.reward 220 return self.reward 221 return 0 222 '''游戏界面的网格绘制''' 223 def drawGrids(self): 224 for x in range(NUMGRID): 225 for y in range(NUMGRID): 226 rect = pygame.Rect((XMARGIN+x*GRIDSIZE, YMARGIN+y*GRIDSIZE, GRIDSIZE, GRIDSIZE)) 227 self.drawBlock(rect, color=(255,240,245), size=1) 228 '''画矩形block框''' 229 def drawBlock(self, block, color=(255, 240, 245), size=4): 230 pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, color, block, size) 231 '''下落特效''' 232 def dropGems(self, x, y): 233 if not self.getGemByPos(x, y).fixed: 234 self.getGemByPos(x, y).move() 235 if x < NUMGRID-1: 236 x += 1 237 return self.dropGems(x, y) 238 elif y < NUMGRID-1: 239 x = 0 240 y += 1 241 return self.dropGems(x, y) 242 else: 243 return self.isFull() 244 '''是否每个位置都有拼图块了''' 245 def isFull(self): 246 for x in range(NUMGRID): 247 for y in range(NUMGRID): 248 if not self.getGemByPos(x, y).fixed: 249 return False 250 return True 251 '''检查有无拼图块被选中''' 252 def checkSelected(self, position): 253 for x in range(NUMGRID): 254 for y in range(NUMGRID): 255 if self.getGemByPos(x, y).rect.collidepoint(*position): 256 return [x, y] 257 return None 258 '''是否有连续一样的三个块(无--返回0/水平--返回1/竖直--返回2)''' 259 def isMatch(self): 260 for x in range(NUMGRID): 261 for y in range(NUMGRID): 262 if x + 2 < NUMGRID: 263 if self.getGemByPos(x, y).type == self.getGemByPos(x+1, y).type == self.getGemByPos(x+2, y).type: 264 return [1, x, y] 265 if y + 2 < NUMGRID: 266 if self.getGemByPos(x, y).type == self.getGemByPos(x, y+1).type == self.getGemByPos(x, y+2).type: 267 return [2, x, y] 268 return [0, x, y] 269 '''根据坐标获取对应位置的拼图对象''' 270 def getGemByPos(self, x, y): 271 return self.all_gems[x][y] 272 '''交换拼图''' 273 def swapGem(self, gem1_pos, gem2_pos): 274 margin = gem1_pos[0] - gem2_pos[0] + gem1_pos[1] - gem2_pos[1] 275 if abs(margin) != 1: 276 return False 277 gem1 = self.getGemByPos(*gem1_pos) 278 gem2 = self.getGemByPos(*gem2_pos) 279 if gem1_pos[0] - gem2_pos[0] == 1: 280 gem1.direction = 'left' 281 gem2.direction = 'right' 282 elif gem1_pos[0] - gem2_pos[0] == -1: 283 gem2.direction = 'left' 284 gem1.direction = 'right' 285 elif gem1_pos[1] - gem2_pos[1] == 1: 286 gem1.direction = 'up' 287 gem2.direction = 'down' 288 elif gem1_pos[1] - gem2_pos[1] == -1: 289 gem2.direction = 'up' 290 gem1.direction = 'down' 291 gem1.target_x = gem2.rect.left 292 gem1.target_y = gem2.rect.top 293 gem1.fixed = False 294 gem2.target_x = gem1.rect.left 295 gem2.target_y = gem1.rect.top 296 gem2.fixed = False 297 self.all_gems[gem2_pos[0]][gem2_pos[1]] = gem1 298 self.all_gems[gem1_pos[0]][gem1_pos[1]] = gem2 299 return True 300 '''info''' 301 def __repr__(self): 302 return self.info
main.py
1import os 2import pygame 3from utils import * 4from config import * 5 6 7'''游戏主程序''' 8def main(): 9 pygame.init() 10 # screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT)) 11 # back_image = pygame.image.load('bg.jpg') 12 size = width, height = (WIDTH,HEIGHT) 13 screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size, pygame.RESIZABLE) # 窗口模式 14 bg = pygame.image.load("bg.jpg") 15 screen.blit(pygame.transform.scale(bg, size), (0, 0)) # 背景能伸缩 16 clock = pygame.time.Clock() 17 pygame.display.set_caption('消消乐') 18 # 加载背景音乐 19 pygame.mixer.init() 20 pygame.mixer.music.load(os.path.join(ROOTDIR, "resources/audios/bg.mp3")) 21 pygame.mixer.music.set_volume(0.6) 22 pygame.mixer.music.play(-1) 23 # 加载音效 24 sounds = {} 25 sounds['mismatch'] = pygame.mixer.Sound(os.path.join(ROOTDIR, 'resources/audios/badswap.wav')) 26 sounds['match'] = [] 27 for i in range(6): 28 sounds['match'].append(pygame.mixer.Sound(os.path.join(ROOTDIR, 'resources/audios/match%s.wav' % i))) 29 # 加载字体 30 font = pygame.font.Font(os.path.join(ROOTDIR, 'resources/font.TTF'), 25) 31 # 图片加载 32 gem_imgs = [] 33 for i in range(1, 8): 34 gem_imgs.append(os.path.join(ROOTDIR, 'resources/images/gem%s.png' % i)) 35 # 主循环 36 game = gemGame(screen, sounds, font, gem_imgs) 37 while True: 38 score = game.start() 39 flag = False 40 # 一轮游戏结束后玩家选择重玩或者退出 41 while True: 42 # clock.tick(60) 43 for event in pygame.event.get(): 44 if event.type == pygame.QUIT or (event.type == pygame.KEYUP and event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE): 45 pygame.quit() 46 sys.exit() 47 elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP and event.key == pygame.K_r: 48 size = width, height = event.size[0], event.size[1] # 获取新的size 49 # screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size, pygame.RESIZABLE) 50 # screen.blit(pygame.transform.scale(bg, size), (0, 0)) # 背景能伸缩 51 flag = True 52 if flag: 53 break 54 # screen.blit(back_image, (0, 0)) 55 # screen.fill((135, 206, 235)) 56 screen.blit(pygame.transform.scale(bg, size), (0, 0)) # 背景能伸缩 57 pygame.display.flip() 58 text0 = 'Final score: %s' % score 59 text1 = 'Press <R> to restart the game.' 60 text2 = 'Press <Esc> to quit the game.' 61 text3 = 'Producer: KongXinger & HeJin' 62 y = 150 63 for idx, text in enumerate([text0, text1, text2, text3]): 64 text_render = font.render(text, 1, (85, 65, 0)) 65 rect = text_render.get_rect() 66 if idx == 0: 67 rect.left, rect.top = (212, y) 68 elif idx == 1: 69 rect.left, rect.top = (122.5, y) 70 elif idx == 1: 71 rect.left, rect.top = (126.5, y) 72 else: 73 rect.left, rect.top = (130.5, y) 74 y += 80 75 screen.blit(text_render, rect) 76 pygame.display.update() 77 game.reset() 78 79 80'''test''' 81if __name__ == '__main__': 82 main()
学习参考：简书博主JackHCC