Struts

1//导包
2//配置WEB.XML
3    <filter>
4        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
5        <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter
6        .StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
7    </filter>
8
9    <filter-mapping>
10        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
11        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>             */
12    </filter-mapping>
13//加入struts.xml到src下
14    <struts>
15        //配置扩展名
16        <constant name="struts.action.extension" value="do"></constant>
17            //package:struts2使用package来组织模块
18            //name属性:必须，用于其他的包引用当前包，一定要与项目名一致
19            //extends：继承，可以继承所有的配置，通常继承struts-default
20            //namespace:可选，若定义了，必须把namespace加进url
21            //http://localhost:8080/contextPath/namespace/actionName.action                        
22        <package name="helloWorld" extends="struts-default">
23            <action name="product-input">
24                <result>/WEB-INF/pages/input.jsp</result>
25            </action>     
26            //class是实体类,默认值是：com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport，
27            //method为调用的方法,默认值execute() ，返回值为SUCCESS
28            //result返回结果
29            <action name="product-save" class="com.gmy.entiy.Product" method="save">
30                //type是类型 dispatcher转发 redirect重定向 redirectAction重定向到一个
31                //Action chain转发到一个Action 默认值是dispatcher
32                <result name="details" type="dispatcher">/WEB-INF/pages/details.jsp</result>
33                //重定向到Action
34            <result name="index" type="redirectAction">
35                <param name="actionName">testAction</param>
36                <param name="namespace">/gmy</param>
37            </result>
38            //redirect重定向可以  但是chain转发不可以 通过这种方式
39            <result name="index" type="redirect">/gmy/testAction.do</result>
40            </action>    
41        </package>
42        <package name="helloWorld" extends="struts-default" namespace="/gmy">
43            <action name="testAction">
44                <result>/WEB-INF/pages/input.jsp</result>
45            </action>
46        </package>
47    </struts>
48    
49    
50    
51//表单页面
52    //input中的name属性一定要和实体类中的变量对应
53    <form action="product-save.action" method="post">
54        ProductId:<input type="text" name="productName">
55        <br><br>
56        ProductDesc:<input type="text" name="productDesc">
57        <br><br>
58        ProductPrice:<input type="text" name="productPrice">
59        <br><br>
60        <input type="submit" value="提交">
61    </form>
62//实体类‘
63    public class Product {
64        private Integer productId;//变量一定要和name属性对应
65        private String productName;
66        private String productDesc;
67        private double productPrice;
68        //geter、seter方法
69        //必须要一个空参数构造器，供反射用
70    }
71    
72//Servlet API解耦方式    
73    //ActionContext
74            //上下文对象
75            ActionContext context = ActionContext.getContext();
76            //application
77            Map<String, Object> application = context.getApplication();
78            application.put("applicationString", "applicationString");
79            //session
80            Map<String, Object> session = context.getSession();
81            session.put("sessionString", "sessionString");
82            //request
83            Map<String, Object> request = (Map<String, Object>) context.get("request");
84            request.put("requestString", "requestString");
85            //parameters取不到值
86            //parameters只能读不能写
87            Map<String, Object> parameters = context.getParameters();
88            parameters.put("parametersString", "parametersString");
89            System.out.println(((String[])parameters.get("name"))[0]);
90            System.out.println(((String[])parameters.get("sex"))[0]);
91        
92    //实现XXXAware接口    
93            private Map<String, Object> application;
94            private Map<String, Object> session;
95            private Map<String, String[]> parameters;
96            private Map<String, Object> request;
97
98            public String tests(){
99                application.put("applicationString", "application1");
100                session.put("sessionString", "session");
101                //不能设值
102                parameters.put("parametersString", new String[]{"gmy1","gmy2"});
103                request.put("requestString", "request");
104                System.out.println(((String[])parameters.get("name"))[0]);
105                return "success";
106            }
107            @Override
108            public void setApplication(Map<String, Object> application) {
109                this.application = application;
110            }
111            @Override
112            public void setParameters(Map<String, String[]> parameters) {
113                this.parameters = parameters;
114            }
115            @Override
116            public void setRequest(Map<String, Object> request) {
117                this.request = request;
118            }
119            @Override
120            public void setSession(Map<String, Object> session) {
121                this.session = session;
122            }
123
124//Servlet API耦合方式        
125    //使用ServletAcionContext
126        HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
127        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
128        ServletContext servletContext = ServletActionContext.getServletContext();
129    
130    //实现ServletXXXAware接口
131        private HttpServletResponse response;
132        private ServletContext context;
133        private HttpServletRequest request;
134        public String tests(){
135            return "success";
136        }
137        @Override
138        public void setServletResponse(HttpServletResponse response) {
139            this.response = response;
140        }
141        @Override
142        public void setServletContext(ServletContext context) {
143            this.context = context;
144        }
145        @Override
146        public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
147            this.request = request;
148        }
149
150//值栈
151    //${}取得是值栈中的内容，并不是request中的
152    //两个逻辑部分
153        //Map栈：实际上是OgnlContext类型，是个Map，也是ActionContext的引用，
154        //里面保存各种Map：requestMap,sessionMap,applicationMap,parametersMap,attr
155            //读取：可以使${requestScope.对象.属性}，也可以通过<s:property 
156            //value="#request.对象.属性">
157        //对象栈：实际上是CompoundRoot类型，是一个使用ArrayList定义的栈，
158        //里边保存各种和当前Action示例相关的对象，是一个数据结构意义的栈
159            //读取：可以用${name}，也可以用<s:property value="[0].name">从栈里面第几个开始读
160
161//调用public类的静态字段默认是true例如<s:property value="@java.lang.Math@PI">，
162//调用public静态方法默认是false，必须配置<s:property value="@java.lang.Math@cos(0)">
163//使用对象栈方法为属性赋值<s:property value="调用seter方法">
164
165//异常
166    <global-results>
167        <result name="input"></result>
168    </global-results>
169    <global-exception-mappings>
170        <exception-mapping result="input" exception="java.lang.ArithmeticException">
171        </exception-mapping>
172    </global-exception-mappings>
173
174//对于Map栈，打印request,session,application,parameters的某个属性值或某个请求参数
175    <s:property value="#session.date">
176    <s:property value="#parameters.date[0]">
177    
178//创建一个URL字符串
179    <s:url value"/getProduct" var="url">
180        <s:param name="productId" value="2002"></s:param>
181    </s:url>
182    
183    //取值栈中的属性,对于value值自动ognl解析，若不进行，用单引号
184    <s:url value"/getProduct" var="url">
185        <s:param name="productId" value="productId"></s:param>
186    </s:url>
187    
188//set标签：在request,session,application，page域加入属性值
189<s:set name="productName" value="productName" scope="request"></s:set>
190productName:${requestScope.productName}
191
192//push标签:把对象在标签开始后压入到值栈中，在标签结束时，弹出值栈
193    <s:push value="#request.person">
194        ${name}//这里取值有效
195    </s:push>
196    ${name}//这里取值无效
197
198//if，else标签，可以直接是使用值栈中的属性
199    <s:if test="productPrice > 1000">
200        I7处理器
201    </s:if>
202    <s:elseif test="productPrice >800">
203        I5处理器
204    </s:elseif>
205    <s:else>
206        I3处理器
207    </s:else>
208
209//iterator标签:遍历集合，把集合的每个元素放到栈顶
210    <s:iterator value="#request.person">
211        ${name}-${age}//取得到
212    </s:iterator>
213    ${name}-${age}//取不到
214
215//sort标签：可以对集合元素进行排序
216    <s:srot comparator="#request.comparator" source="persons" var="persons2"></s:sort>
217
218//date标签：可以对Date对象进行排版
219    <s:date name="#session.date" format="yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss" var="date2"/>
220    date:${date2}
221
222//a:标签:用%{}都属性进行强制ognl解析
223    <s:a href="getPerson.action?name=%{name}">${}</s:a>
224
225//表单标签：可以自动回显 
226    <s:form action="save">
227        <s:hidden name=""></s:hidden>
228        <s:textfield name="userName" label="UserName"></s:textfield>
229        <s:password name="password" label="Password"></s:password>
230        <s:textarea name="desc" label="Desc"></s:textarea>
231        <s:submit></s:submit>
232    </s:form>
233
234//checkbox标签：
235    <s:checkbox name="married" label="Married"></s:checkbox>
236
237//radio标签：使用#{}创建Map
238    <s:radio name="gender" list="#{'1':'Male','0':'Female'}" label="Gender"></s:radio>
239
240//checkboxlist标签：
241    <s:checkboxlist list="#request.cities" listKey="cityId" listValue="cityName" 
242    label="City" name="city"></s:checkboxlist>
243
244//select标签:使用{}创建LIST
245    <s:select list="{11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20}" headerKey="" headerValue="请选择" 
246    label="Age" name="age">
247        <s:optgroup label="21-30" list="#{21:21}"></s:optgroup>
248        <s:optgroup label="31-40" list="#{31:31}"></s:optgroup>
249    </s:select>
250    
251//theme属性
252        //可以在标签中增加theme属性
253        //在request.setAttribute("theme","simple");
254        //可以改成全局的在struts.xml 默认是xhtml  <constant name="struts.ui.theme"
255         value="simple"></constant>
256    
257    
258//例
259        //加入Jar包
260        //配置web.xml
261             <filter>
262                <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
263                <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter
264                .StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
265            </filter>
266
267            <filter-mapping>
268                <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
269                <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>*/
270            </filter-mapping>
271        //配置struts.xml
272        <struts>
273            //配置扩展名
274            <constant name="struts.action.extension" value="do,"></constant>
275            <package name="s2-5" extends="struts-default">
276                //自定义拦截器栈
277                <interceptors>
278                    <interceptor-stack name="gmy">
279                        <interceptor-ref name="paramsPrepareParamsStack">
280                            <param name="prepare.alwaysInvokePrepare">false</param>
281                        </interceptor-ref>
282                    </interceptor-stack>
283                </interceptors>
284         
285                <default-interceptor-ref name="gmy"/>
286                
287                <action name="emp-*" class="com.gmy.app.EmployeeAction" method="{1}">
288                    <result name="{1}">emp-{1}.jsp</result>
289                    <result type="redirectAction">emp-list</result>
290                </action>     
291            </package>
292        </struts>
293        
294        //EmployeeAction
295        public class EmployeeAction implements RequestAware,ModelDriven<Employee>,
296        Preparable{
297            private Dao dao = new Dao();
298            private Employee emp;
299            public String update(){
300                dao.update(emp);
301                return "success";
302            }
303            public void prepareUpdate(){
304                emp = new Employee();
305            }
306            public String edit(){
307                return "edit";
308            }
309            public void prepareEdit(){
310                emp = dao.get(empId);
311            }
312            public String save(){
313                dao.save(emp);
314                return "success";
315            }
316            public void prepareSave(){
317                emp = new Employee();
318            }
319            public String delete(){
320                dao.delete(empId);
321                return "success";
322            }
323            public String list(){
324                arg0.put("emps", dao.getEmployees());
325                return "list";
326            }
327            private Integer empId;
328            public void setEmpId(Integer empId) {
329                this.empId = empId;
330            }
331            private Map<String, Object> arg0;
332            @Override
333            public void setRequest(Map<String, Object> arg0) {
334                this.arg0 = arg0;
335            }
336            @Override
337            public Employee getModel() {
338                if(empId == null)
339                    emp = new Employee();
340                else
341                    emp = dao.get(empId);
342                return emp;
343            }
344            @Override
345            public void prepare() throws Exception {
346                System.out.println("prepare...");
347            }
348        }
349        
350        //Dao
351        public class Dao {
352            private static Map<Integer, Employee> emps = 
353            new LinkedHashMap<Integer, Employee>();
354            static{
355                emps.put(1001, new Employee(1001, "AA", "AA", "AA@gmy.com"));
356                emps.put(1002, new Employee(1002, "BB", "BB", "BB@gmy.com"));
357                emps.put(1003, new Employee(1003, "CC", "CC", "CC@gmy.com"));
358                emps.put(1004, new Employee(1004, "DD", "DD", "DD@gmy.com"));
359                emps.put(1005, new Employee(1005, "DD", "DD", "DD@gmy.com"));
360                emps.put(1006, new Employee(1006, "EE", "EE", "EE@gmy.com"));
361                emps.put(1007, new Employee(1007, "FF", "FF", "FF@gmy.com"));
362                emps.put(1008, new Employee(1008, "GG", "GG", "GG@gmy.com"));
363                emps.put(1009, new Employee(1009, "HH", "HH", "HH@gmy.com"));
364                emps.put(10010, new Employee(10010, "II", "II", "II@gmy.com"));
365            }
366            public List<Employee> getEmployees(){
367                return new ArrayList<Employee>(emps.values());
368            }
369            public void delete(Integer empId){
370                emps.remove(empId);
371            }
372            public void save(Employee emp){
373                emp.setEmpId((int)System.currentTimeMillis());
374                emps.put(emp.getEmpId(), emp);
375            }
376            public Employee get(Integer empId){
377                 return emps.get(empId);
378            }
379            public void update(Employee emp){
380                emps.put(emp.getEmpId(), emp);
381            }
382        }
383        
384        //Employee
385        public class Employee {
386            private Integer empId;
387            private String firstName;
388            private String lastName;
389            private String email;
390            public Integer getEmpId() {
391                return empId;
392            }
393            public void setEmpId(Integer empId) {
394                this.empId = empId;
395            }
396            public String getFirstName() {
397                return firstName;
398            }
399            public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
400                this.firstName = firstName;
401            }
402            public String getLastName() {
403                return lastName;
404            }
405            public void setLastName(String lastName) {
406                this.lastName = lastName;
407            }
408            public String getEmail() {
409                return email;
410            }
411            public void setEmail(String email) {
412                this.email = email;
413            }
414            public Employee(Integer empId, String firstName, String lastName,
415                    String email) {
416                super();
417                this.empId = empId;
418                this.firstName = firstName;
419                this.lastName = lastName;
420                this.email = email;
421            }
422            public Employee() {
423                // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
424            }
425        }
426            
427        //index.jsp
428        <body>
429        <a href="emp-list.do">Emp List</a>
430        </body>        
431                    
432        //emp-list.jsp
433        <body>
434        <!-- 
435            private Integer empId;
436            private String firstName;
437            private String lastName;
438            private String email;
439         -->
440        <s:debug></s:debug>
441            <s:form action="emp-save.do">
442                <s:textfield name="firstName" label="FirstName"></s:textfield>
443                <s:textfield name="lastName" label="LastName"></s:textfield>
444                <s:textfield name="email" label="Email"></s:textfield>
445                <s:submit></s:submit>
446            </s:form>
447        <br><br>
448            <table cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1">
449                <thead>
450                    <tr>
451                        <td>ID</td>
452                        <td>FirstName</td>
453                        <td>LastName</td>
454                        <td>Email</td>
455                        <td>Edit</td>
456                        <td>Delete</td>
457                    </tr>
458                </thead>
459                <tbody>
460                    <s:iterator value="#request.emps">
461                        <tr>
462                            <td>${empId}</td>
463                            <td>${firstName}</td>
464                            <td>${lastName}</td>
465                            <td>${email}</td>
466                            <td><a href="emp-edit.do?empId=${ empId}">Edit</a></td>
467                            <td><a href="emp-delete.do?empId=${ empId}">Delete</a></td>
468                        </tr>
469                    </s:iterator>
470                </tbody>
471            </table>
472        </body>    
473            
474        //emp-edit.jsp
475        <body>
476            <s:form action="emp-update.do">
477                <s:hidden name="empId" ></s:hidden>
478                <s:textfield name="firstName" label="FirstName"></s:textfield>
479                <s:textfield name="lastName" label="LastName"></s:textfield>
480                <s:textfield name="email" label="Email"></s:textfield>
481                <s:submit></s:submit>
482            </s:form>
483        </body>        
484            
485//错误消息显示
486        //1、继承ActionSupport
487        //2、配置<result name="input">标签
488        //3、在Action所在包内创建properties文件，例如UserAction.java，UserAction
489        //.properties，UserAction.properties增加内容invalid.fieldvalue.age=...
490        //可以通过debug标签看值栈中的属性 ，${fieldErrors.age[0]}
491        //也可以通过标签<s:fielderror filedName="age"></s:fielderror>
492                //提出ul li span，在src下，新建template.simple包，在新建fielderror.ftl文件
493                <#if fieldErrors??><#t/>
494                    <#assign eKeys = fieldErrors.keySet()><#t/>
495                    <#assign eKeysSize = eKeys.size()><#t/>
496                    <#assign doneStartUlTag=false><#t/>
497                    <#assign doneEndUlTag=false><#t/>
498                    <#assign haveMatchedErrorField=false><#t/>
499                    <#if (fieldErrorFieldNames?size > 0) ><#t/>
500                        <#list fieldErrorFieldNames as fieldErrorFieldName><#t/>
501                            <#list eKeys as eKey><#t/>
502                                <#if (eKey = fieldErrorFieldName)><#t/>
503                                    <#assign haveMatchedErrorField=true><#t/>
504                                    <#assign eValue = fieldErrors[fieldErrorFieldName]><#t/>
505                                    <#if (haveMatchedErrorField && (!doneStartUlTag))><#t/>            
506                                        <#assign doneStartUlTag=true><#t/>
507                                    </#if><#t/>
508                                    <#list eValue as eEachValue><#t/>
509                                        <#if parameters.escape>${eEachValue!?html}<#else>${eEachValue!}</#if>
510                                    </#list><#t/>
511                                </#if><#t/>
512                            </#list><#t/>
513                        </#list><#t/>
514                        <#if (haveMatchedErrorField && (!doneEndUlTag))><#t/>                        
515                            <#assign doneEndUlTag=true><#t/>
516                        </#if><#t/>
517                        <#else><#t/>
518                        <#if (eKeysSize > 0)><#t/>
519                            <#list eKeys as eKey><#t/>
520                                <#assign eValue = fieldErrors[eKey]><#t/>
521                                <#list eValue as eEachValue><#t/>
522                                    <#if parameters.escape>${eEachValue!?html}
523                                    <#else>${eEachValue!}</#if>
524                                </#list><#t/>
525                            </#list><#t/>
526                        </#if><#t/>
527                    </#if><#t/>
528                </#if><#t/>
529
530//自定义转换器            
531                
532                
533                
534//国际化
535    //在struts.xml文件中加入<constant name="struts.custom.i18n.resources"
536    // value="i18n"></constant>
537    //在src下新建i18n_en_US.properties和i18n_zh_CN.properties文件
538    //在标签中不使用label标签，而使用key标签，label中要使用的必须label="%{getText('submit')}"
539            
540//通过超链接来切换语言
541    <a href="testI18n.action?request_locale=en_US">English</a>        
542    <a href="testI18n.action?request_locale=zh_CN">中文</a>            
543            
544//验证文件
545    //1、将struts-2.3.20\apps\struts2-blank\WEB-INF\classes\example下
546    //的Login-validation.xml复制到Action所在包下
547    //把Login的名字改为当前Action的名字
548    <field name="age">
549        <field-validator type="int">
550            <param name="min">20</param>
551            <param name="max">50</param>
552            <message key="">..${min}.${max}...</message>//也是使用国际化
553        </field-validator>
554    </field>