RabbitMQ学习总结（7）——Spring整合RabbitMQ实例

1.RabbitMQ简介

RabbitMQ是流行的开源消息队列系统，用erlang语言开发。RabbitMQ是AMQP（高级消息队列协议）的标准实现。 
官网：http://www.rabbitmq.com/

2.Spring集成RabbitMQ

2.1 maven配置

1//pom.xml
2<dependency>
3      <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
4      <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
5      <version>3.5.1</version>
6    </dependency>
7    <dependency>
8        <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
9        <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId>
10        <version>1.4.5.RELEASE</version>
11    </dependency>

2.2 rabbmitmq配置文件

1//rabbitmq-config.properties
2mq.host=127.0.0.1
3mq.username=test
4mq.password=123456
5mq.port=5672
6mq.vhost=testmq

2.3 Spring配置

1//application-mq.xml
2<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4    xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit" 
5    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
6    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd 
7    http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
8    http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit-1.0.xsd" >
9
10    <description>rabbitmq 连接服务配置</description>
11    <!-- 连接配置 -->
12    <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" host="${mq.host}" username="${mq.username}" password="${mq.password}" port="${mq.port}"  virtual-host="${mq.vhost}"/>
13    <rabbit:admin connection-factory="connectionFactory"/>
14
15    <!-- spring template声明-->
16    <rabbit:template exchange="amqpExchange" id="amqpTemplate"  connection-factory="connectionFactory"  message-converter="jsonMessageConverter" />
17
18    <!-- 消息对象json转换类 -->
19    <bean id="jsonMessageConverter" class="org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.Jackson2JsonMessageConverter" />  
20</beans>

3. 在Spring中使用RabbitMQ

3.1 申明一个消息队列Queue

1//application-mq.xml
2<rabbit:queue id="test_queue_key" name="test_queue_key" durable="true" auto-delete="false" exclusive="false" />

说明： 

durable:是否持久化

exclusive: 仅创建者可以使用的私有队列，断开后自动删除

auto_delete: 当所有消费客户端连接断开后，是否自动删除队列

3.2 交换机定义

1//application-mq.xml
2<rabbit:direct-exchange name="test-mq-exchange" durable="true" auto-delete="false" id="test-mq-exchange">
3    <rabbit:bindings>
4        <rabbit:binding queue="test_queue_key" key="test_queue_key"/>
5    </rabbit:bindings>
6</rabbit:direct-exchange>

说明： 

rabbit:direct-exchange：定义exchange模式为direct，意思就是消息与一个特定的路由键完全匹配，才会转发。 

rabbit:binding：设置消息queue匹配的key

3.3 发送消息Producer

1//MQProducer.java
2public interface MQProducer {
3    /**
4     * 发送消息到指定队列
5     * @param queueKey
6     * @param object
7     */
8    public void sendDataToQueue(String queueKey, Object object);
9}
10
11
12
13
14@Service
15public class MQProducerImpl implements MQProducer {
16    @Autowired
17    private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;
18
19    private final static Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(MQProducerImpl.class);
20    /* (non-Javadoc)
21     * @see com.stnts.tita.rm.api.mq.MQProducer#sendDataToQueue(java.lang.String, java.lang.Object)
22     */
23    @Override
24    public void sendDataToQueue(String queueKey, Object object) {
25        try {
26            amqpTemplate.convertAndSend(queueKey, object);
27        } catch (Exception e) {
28            LOGGER.error(e);
29        }
30
31    }
32}

说明： 

convertAndSend：将Java对象转换为消息发送到匹配Key的交换机中Exchange，由于配置了JSON转换，这里是将Java对象转换成JSON字符串的形式。原文：Convert a Java object to an Amqp Message and send it to a default exchange with a specific routing key.

3.4 异步接收消息Consumer

定义监听器

1//QueueListenter.java
2@Component
3public class QueueListenter implements MessageListener {
4
5    @Override
6    public void onMessage(Message msg) {
7        try{
8            System.out.print(msg.toString());
9        }catch(Exception e){
10            e.printStackTrace();
11        }
12    }
13
14}

监听配置

1//application-mq.xml
2<rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory" acknowledge="auto">
3    <rabbit:listener queues="test_queue" ref="queueListenter"/>
4</rabbit:listener-container>

说明： 

queues：监听的队列，多个的话用逗号（,）分隔 

ref：监听器

3.5 JUnit测试

1//TestQueue.java
2@RunWith(value = SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
3@ContextConfiguration(locations = {
4    "classpath:/ApplicationContext/ApplicationContext-mq.xml"})
5
6public class TestQueue{
7    @Autowired
8    MQProducer mqProducer;
9
10    final String queue_key = "test_queue";
11
12    @Test
13    public void send(){
14        Map<String,Object> msg = new HashMap()<>;
15        msg.put("data","hello,rabbmitmq!");
16        mqProducer.sendDataToQueue(query_key,msg);
17    }
18}

运行测试程序，Run with JUnit，会发送一条消息到test_queue，监听器监听到消息后，打印出消息。

至此，已经完成了Spring和RabbmitMQ集成，配置，和使用。