Cypher语句描述了如何使用Cypher语法操作图中的节点、关系和路径等元素，以下列举了一些常用的操作语句。
1. 查询操作Match语句
1.1 查询所有节点
MATCH(n) RETURN n
1.2 查询所有带标签的节点
1MATCH(carSeries:CarSeries) 2RETURN carSeries.name
返回内容
1carSeries.name 2"宝马1系" 3"宝马2系" 4"宝马3系"
1.3 查询所有的节点并返回关联的节点
查询宝马5系下面有哪些车型
1MATCH (carSeries {name: '宝马5系'})-[]-(carTye) 2RETURN carTye.carTypeName
返回结果
1carTye.carTypeName 2"2020款525L钻石款" 3"2020款525L豪华款" 4"2020款525L运动款"
1.4 查询节点关联的标签
1MATCH (:CarSeries {name: '宝马5系'})-[]-(carTye:CarType) 2RETURN carTye.carTypeName
1.5 查询节点带指向关系
1MATCH (:CarSeries {name: '宝马5系'})-[]->(carTye) 2RETURN carTye.carTypeName
1.6 查询返回关系
1MATCH (:CarSeries {name: '宝马5系'})-[r]->(carTye) 2RETURN type(r)
返回内容
1type(r) 2"include" 3"include" 4"include"
1.7 根据关系类型查询
查询供应M34型号底盘的供应商
1MATCH (:CarChassis {chassisName: 'M34'})<-[:supplier]-(supplier) 2RETURN supplier.supplierName 3 4supplier.supplierName 5"摩比斯" 6"摩比斯"
1.8 查询多层关系
1MATCH p = (carBrand{brandName:'宝马'}) - [:include*2] - (carType) 2RETURN relationships(p)
返回结果
1elationships(p) 2[ 3{ 4 "identity": 8, 5 "start": 16, 6 "end": 20, 7 "type": "include", 8 "properties": { 9 10 } 11} 12, 13{ 14 "identity": 17, 15 "start": 20, 16 "end": 29, 17 "type": "include", 18 "properties": { 19 20 } 21} 22] 23[ 24{ 25 "identity": 8, 26 "start": 16, 27 "end": 20, 28 "type": "include", 29 "properties": { 30 31 } 32} 33, 34{ 35 "identity": 18, 36 "start": 20, 37 "end": 30, 38 "type": "include", 39 "properties": { 40 41 } 42} 43] 44[ 45{ 46 "identity": 8, 47 "start": 16, 48 "end": 20, 49 "type": "include", 50 "properties": { 51 52 } 53} 54, 55{ 56 "identity": 19, 57 "start": 20, 58 "end": 31, 59 "type": "include", 60 "properties": { 61 62 } 63} 64] 65[ 66{ 67 "identity": 8, 68 "start": 16, 69 "end": 20, 70 "type": "include", 71 "properties": { 72 73 } 74} 75, 76{ 77 "identity": 20, 78 "start": 20, 79 "end": 32, 80 "type": "include", 81 "properties": { 82 83 } 84} 85] 86[ 87{ 88 "identity": 10, 89 "start": 16, 90 "end": 22, 91 "type": "include", 92 "properties": { 93 94 } 95} 96, 97{ 98 "identity": 21, 99 "start": 22, 100 "end": 33, 101 "type": "include", 102 "properties": { 103 104 } 105} 106] 107[ 108{ 109 "identity": 10, 110 "start": 16, 111 "end": 22, 112 "type": "include", 113 "properties": { 114 115 } 116} 117, 118{ 119 "identity": 22, 120 "start": 22, 121 "end": 34, 122 "type": "include", 123 "properties": { 124 125 } 126} 127] 128[ 129{ 130 "identity": 10, 131 "start": 16, 132 "end": 22, 133 "type": "include", 134 "properties": { 135 136 } 137} 138, 139{ 140 "identity": 23, 141 "start": 22, 142 "end": 35, 143 "type": "include", 144 "properties": { 145 146 } 147} 148]
1.9 根据节点Id或关系ID查询
1MATCH(n) 2WHERE id(n)=22 3RETURN n
根据关系ID查询
1MATCH()-[r]->() 2where id(r)=8 3RETURN r
返回关系结果
1r 2{ 3 "identity": 8, 4 "start": 16, 5 "end": 20, 6 "type": "include", 7 "properties": { 8 9 } 10}
2. 可选查询OPTIONAL MATCH语句
OPTIONAL MATCH与MATCH语句类型，不同的是，如果查询没有匹配到结果的话就会返回 null 。在这点上，OPTIONAL MATCH有些像SQL中的 out join 语句。
OPTIONAL MATCH的表现方式与WHERE语句类似，具体体现效果请看下面内容。
2.1 查询宝马 2020款320L运动款 下面关联的节点
1MATCH(a:CarType{carTypeName:'2020款320L运动款'}) 2OPTIONAL MATCH(a)-[]->(x) 3RETURN x
3. 返回RETURN语句
3.1 返回所有的对象
1MATCH p=(a {brandName:'宝马'}) -[r] - (b) 2RETURN *
返回结果
3.2 返回多个表达式
1MATCH (a {brandName:'宝马'}) 2RETURN a.brandName, "牛逼Class", (a)-[]-()
返回结果
a.brandName
"牛逼Class"
(a)-[]-()
"宝马"
"牛逼Class"
[
{ "start": { "identity": 16, "labels": [ "CarBrand" ], "properties": { "brandName": "宝马", "createDate": "1916-03-07" } }, "end": { "identity": 28, "labels": [ "CarSeries" ], "properties": { "name": "宝马Z系", "description": "宝马入门级跑车", "status": "INUSE" } }, "segments": [ { "start": { "identity": 16, "labels": [ "CarBrand" ], "properties": { "brandName": "宝马", "createDate": "1916-03-07" } }, "relationship": { "identity": 16, "start": 16, "end": 28, "type": "include", "properties": {
1 } 2 }, 3 "end": {
"identity": 28, "labels": [ "CarSeries" ], "properties": { "name": "宝马Z系", "description": "宝马入门级跑车", "status": "INUSE" } } } ], "length": 1.0 }
,
{ "start": { "identity": 16, "labels": [ "CarBrand" ], "properties": { "brandName": "宝马", "createDate": "1916-03-07" } }, "end": { "identity": 27, "labels": [ "CarSeries" ], "properties": { "name": "宝马X系", "description": "宝马SUV车", "status": "INUSE" } }, "segments": [ { "start": { "identity": 16, "labels": [ "CarBrand" ], "properties": { "brandName": "宝马", "createDate": "1916-03-07" } }, "relationship": { "identity": 15, "start": 16, "end": 27, "type": "include", "properties": {
1 } 2 }, 3 "end": {
"identity": 27, "labels": [ "CarSeries" ], "properties": { "name": "宝马X系", "description": "宝马SUV车", "status": "INUSE" } } } ], "length": 1.0 }
]
4. WITH 语句
with从句可以连接多个查询的结果，将上一个查询的结果用作下一个查询的开始。
WITH语句的两种常用方法：
- 通过使用oder by 和limit，with可以限制传入下一个match子查询语句的实体数目。
- 对聚合值过滤。
4.1 对聚合结果进行过滤
1MATCH(carBrand{brandName: '宝马'})-[]-(unkonwnNode)-[]->() 2WITH unkonwnNode, count(*) as cn 3WHERE cn>1 4RETURN unkonwnNode.id
4.2 Order 排序
1MATCH(n) WITH n 2ORDER BY n.id DESC 3LIMIT 3 4RETURN n
4.3 路径搜索限制分支数
1MATCH(n{name:'宝马3系'})-[]-(m) 2WITH m 3ORDER BY m.name DESC 4LIMIT 1 5MATCH (m)-[]-(o) 6RETURN o.name
5. WHERE语句
1MATCH(n) 2WHERE n.name='Peter' XOR (n.age<30 AND n.name='Fucky') OR NOT (n.name='Peter') 3RETURN n.name, n.age
6. ORDER BY语句
1MATCH(n) 2RETRUN n.length, n.name 3ORDER BY n.length
7. SKIP和LIMIT语句
1MATCH(n) 2RETURN n.name 3ORDER BY n.name 4SKIP 3 5LIMIT 2
8. DELETE 语句
DELETE语句用来删除图中的节点、关系或路径
1MATCH(n:Useless) 2DELETE n
9. REMOVE 语句
REMOVE语句用来移除节点的属性或者标签
1MATCH(address {name: 'zhangsan'}) 2REMOVE address.age 3RETURN address