Ubuntu 16 MySQL主从备份配置

环境准备

机器准备

master 192.168.1.101
slave 192.168.1.102

操作系统 Ubuntu 16
MySQL版本5.7

配置文件说明

Ubuntu中mysql配置文件在/etc/mysql可以找到其结构如下

/etc/mysql ├── conf.d │ ├── mysql.cnf │ └── mysqldump.cnf ├── debian.cnf #自动生成的系统脚本，不要动它 ├── debian-start #5.7前该脚本用于检查奔溃的表和无密码的账户,5.7以后只是个空脚本 ├── my.cnf -> /etc/alternatives/my.cnf #全局配置文件 ├── my.cnf.fallback #用于回退全局配置文件 ├── mysql.cnf └── mysql.conf.d ├── mysqld.cnf #配置的模板，可以拷贝至/etc/mysql/my.cnf和~/.my.cnf └── mysqld_safe_syslog.cnf #系统日志配置如果需要定制则注释该文件配置再my.cnf中配置
配置文件加载顺序

#使用下面命令查看 /usr/sbin/mysqld --verbose --help | grep -A -1 2 'Default options'
可以查看到如下内容，指明配置文件加载顺序如下/etc/my.cnf、/etc/mysql/my.cnf、~/.my.cnf

Default options are read from the following files in the given order:/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf
在my.cnf文件中存在如下两句话，表示配置包含!includedir文件夹中的配置

... !includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/ !includedir /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/

Master 配置

配置参数文件/etc/mysql/my.cnf

[mysqld] server-id=1 #服务ID需要确保唯一性 log-bin=mysql-bin #指定日志目录 ubuntu 默认 /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin目录 #使事务的复制中尽最大可能的保证持久性和一致性 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1 #事务日志直接写入文件，性能降低，但高可靠 sync_binlog=1
重启master

/etc/init.d/mysql restart
Master中创建用于同步的账号

CREATE USER 'repl'@'192.168.1.102' IDENTIFIED BY 'slavepass'; GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON . TO 'repl'@'192.168.1.102';
Master中获取二进制日志坐标

--master加锁 FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK; --查看master状态信息 SHOW MASTER STATUS;

File

Position

Binlog_Do_DB

Binlog_Ignore_DB

Executed_Gtid_Set

mysql-bin.000001

619

Slave 配置

配置参数文件/etc/mysql/my.cnf

[mysqld] server-id=2
重启Slave

/etc/init.d/mysql restart
Master中释放锁

UNLOCK TABLES;
Slave 配置主站信息

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.101',MASTER_USER='repl',MASTER_PASSWORD='slavepass',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=619;
Slave中开启同步

mysql> START SLAVE;

测试

查看slave同步状态

show slave status\G

其中Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running均为YES表示slave已经启动同步

1*************************** 1. row ***************************
2               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
3                  Master_Host: 192.168.1.101
4                  Master_User: repl
5                  Master_Port: 3306
6                Connect_Retry: 60
7              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
8          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 619
9               Relay_Log_File: iZuf60xdp6y5avwotnjkm9Z-relay-bin.000002
10                Relay_Log_Pos: 320
11        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
12             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
13            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
14              Replicate_Do_DB: 
15          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
16           Replicate_Do_Table: 
17       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
18      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
19  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
20                   Last_Errno: 0
21                   Last_Error: 
22                 Skip_Counter: 0
23          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
24              Relay_Log_Space: 545
25              Until_Condition: None
26               Until_Log_File: 
27                Until_Log_Pos: 0
28           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
29           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
30           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
31              Master_SSL_Cert: 
32            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
33               Master_SSL_Key: 
34        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
35Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
36                Last_IO_Errno: 0
37                Last_IO_Error: 
38               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
39               Last_SQL_Error: 
40  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
41             Master_Server_Id: 1
42                  Master_UUID: 
43             Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
44                    SQL_Delay: 0
45          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
46      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
47           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
48                  Master_Bind: 
49      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
50     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
51               Master_SSL_Crl: 
52           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
53           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
54            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
55                Auto_Position: 0
56         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
57                 Channel_Name: 
58           Master_TLS_Version:

2. master配置要同步的数据库创建测试库和表

1create database test;
2use test;
3create table a(a int);

插入测试数据

1insert into a(a)alues(1);
2insert into a(a)alues(2);
3insert into a(a)alues(3);

3. slave上查看是否进行了同步

1show databases;
2use test;
3select * from a;

得到结果

总结

本文是最简单的主从配置，一些高级特性需要参考MySQL手册进行定制，请读者自行查阅。