Netty使用解码器Decoder解决TCP粘包和拆包问题

解码器Decoder和ChannelHandler的关系

netty的解码器通常是继承自ByteToMessageDecoder，而它又是继承自ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter，其实也是一种ChannelHandler和我们自定义的ChannelHandler一样都是来处理进入或者出去的数据。常用的几种解码器有：

• LineBasedFrameDecoder
• DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder
• FixedLengthFrameDecoder

LineBasedFrameDecoder

LineBasedFrameDecoder 行解码器，遍历ByteBuf中的可读字节，按行（\n \r\n）处理

StringDecoder

StringDecoder将接受的码流转换为字符串

代码中使用

1    @Override
2    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
3        ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
4        //LineBasedFrameDecoder遍历ByteBuf中的可读字节，按行（\n \r\n）处理
5        pipeline.addLast(new LineBasedFrameDecoder(1024));
6        //StringDecoder将接受的码流转换为字符串
7        pipeline.addLast(new StringDecoder());
8        pipeline.addLast(new NettyServerHandler());
9    }

NettyServerHandler处理类中读取,String message = (String) msg;直接转换为String：

1    private int count = 0;
2    @Override
3    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
4        String message = (String) msg;
5        LOGGER.info("client received message {}：{}", ++count, message);
6    }

DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder

DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder,将特定分隔符作为码流结束标志的解码器。

代码中使用

1    @Override
2    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
3        ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
4        ByteBuf byteBuf = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("$_".getBytes());
5        pipeline.addLast(new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(1024,true,true,byteBuf));
6        pipeline.addLast(new StringDecoder());
7        pipeline.addLast(new NettyServerHandler());
8    }

FixedLengthFrameDecoder

FixedLengthFrameDecoder 固定长度解码器，只会读取指定长度的码流。

代码中使用

1    @Override
2    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
3        ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
4        pipeline.addLast(new FixedLengthFrameDecoder(24));
5        pipeline.addLast(new StringDecoder());
6        pipeline.addLast(new NettyServerHandler());
7    }