上次讲到了如何在Activity中监听后台服务的进度信息,实现的方式是让Activity与后台服务绑定,通过中间对象Binder的实例操作 后台服务。从效果上来讲,这种方式是可行的,不过这种实现有个缺点,那就是Activity的任务太重了,为了监听服务的状态,我们不得不绑定服务,然后 还需不断地定时的获取最新的进度,我们为何不换一下形式呢,让Service主动将进度发送给Activity,我们在Activity中只需拿到进度数 据,然后更新UI界面。这种新形式就像上次结尾提到的,就像两个男人同时喜欢一个女人,都通过自己的手段试图从那个女人那里获取爱情,现在我们要让那个女 人变为主动方,将爱情同时传递给那两个男人。
要实现以上方式,我们需要用到BroadcastReceiver,如果不太了解的朋友们,可以查阅相关资料补充一下。
关于整个流程的的截图,我在这里就不在贴出了,大家可以参看Notification详解之三的流程截图。布局文件也没有变化,所以这里也不在贴出。
我们主要看一下MainActivity、DownloadService、FileMgrActivity这几个组件的实现形式。
首先是MainActivity:
[java] view plain copy
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package com.scott.notification;
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import android.app.Activity;
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import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
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import android.content.Context;
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import android.content.Intent;
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import android.content.IntentFilter;
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import android.os.Bundle;
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import android.view.View;
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import android.widget.TextView;
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public class MainActivity extends Activity {
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private MyReceiver receiver;
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private TextView text;
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@Override
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public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
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super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
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setContentView(R.layout.main);
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text = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text);
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receiver = new MyReceiver();
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IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
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filter.addAction("android.intent.action.MY_RECEIVER");
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//注册
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registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
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}
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@Override
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protected void onDestroy() {
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super.onDestroy();
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//不要忘了这一步
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unregisterReceiver(receiver);
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}
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public void start(View view) {
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Intent intent = new Intent(this, DownloadService.class);
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//这里不再使用bindService,而使用startService
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startService(intent);
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}
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/**
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* 广播接收器
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* @author user
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*
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*/
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private class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
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@Override
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public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
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Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();
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int progress = bundle.getInt("progress");
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text.setText("downloading..." + progress + "%");
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}
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}
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}
上 面的代码中,我们的MyReceiver类是继承了BroadcastReceiver,在onReceive方法中,定义了收到进度信息并更新UI的逻 辑,在onCreate中,我们注册了这个接受者,并指定action为android.intent.action.MY_RECEIVER,如此一 来,如果其他组件向这个指定的action发送消息,我们就能够接收到;另外要注意的是,不要忘了在Activity被摧毁的时候调用 unregisterReceiver取消注册。
然后再来看一下DownloadService有什么变化:
[java] view plain copy
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package com.scott.notification;
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import android.app.Notification;
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import android.app.NotificationManager;
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import android.app.PendingIntent;
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import android.app.Service;
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import android.content.Context;
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import android.content.Intent;
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import android.os.Handler;
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import android.os.IBinder;
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import android.os.Message;
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import android.widget.RemoteViews;
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public class DownloadService extends Service {
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private static final int NOTIFY_ID = 0;
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private boolean cancelled;
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private Context mContext = this;
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private NotificationManager mNotificationManager;
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private Notification mNotification;
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private Handler handler = new Handler() {
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public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {
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switch (msg.what) {
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case 1:
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int rate = msg.arg1;
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if (rate < 100) {
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//更新进度
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RemoteViews contentView = mNotification.contentView;
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contentView.setTextViewText(R.id.rate, rate + "%");
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contentView.setProgressBar(R.id.progress, 100, rate, false);
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} else {
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//下载完毕后变换通知形式
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mNotification.flags = Notification.FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL;
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mNotification.contentView = null;
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Intent intent = new Intent(mContext, FileMgrActivity.class);
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// 告知已完成
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intent.putExtra("completed", "yes");
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//更新参数,注意flags要使用FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT
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PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(mContext, 0, intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
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mNotification.setLatestEventInfo(mContext, "下载完成", "文件已下载完毕", contentIntent);
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}
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// 最后别忘了通知一下,否则不会更新
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mNotificationManager.notify(NOTIFY_ID, mNotification);
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if (rate >= 100) {
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stopSelf(); //停止服务
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}
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break;
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case 0:
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// 取消通知
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mNotificationManager.cancel(NOTIFY_ID);
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break;
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}
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};
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};
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@Override
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public void onCreate() {
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super.onCreate();
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mNotificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(android.content.Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
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}
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@Override
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public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
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super.onStart(intent, startId);
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int icon = R.drawable.down;
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CharSequence tickerText = "开始下载";
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long when = System.currentTimeMillis();
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mNotification = new Notification(icon, tickerText, when);
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// 放置在"正在运行"栏目中
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mNotification.flags = Notification.FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT;
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RemoteViews contentView = new RemoteViews(mContext.getPackageName(), R.layout.download_notification_layout);
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contentView.setTextViewText(R.id.fileName, "AngryBird.apk");
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// 指定个性化视图
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mNotification.contentView = contentView;
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Intent intnt = new Intent(this, FileMgrActivity.class);
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PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(mContext, 0, intnt, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
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// 指定内容意图
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mNotification.contentIntent = contentIntent;
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mNotificationManager.notify(NOTIFY_ID, mNotification);
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new Thread() {
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public void run() {
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startDownload();
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};
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}.start();
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}
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@Override
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public void onDestroy() {
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super.onDestroy();
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cancelled = true; //停止下载线程
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}
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private void startDownload() {
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cancelled = false;
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int rate = 0;
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while (!cancelled && rate < 100) {
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try {
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//模拟下载进度
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Thread.sleep(500);
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rate = rate + 5;
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} catch (InterruptedException e) {
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e.printStackTrace();
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}
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Message msg = handler.obtainMessage();
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msg.what = 1;
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msg.arg1 = rate;
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handler.sendMessage(msg);
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//发送特定action的广播
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Intent intent = new Intent();
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intent.setAction("android.intent.action.MY_RECEIVER");
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intent.putExtra("progress", rate);
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sendBroadcast(intent);
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}
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if (cancelled) {
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Message msg = handler.obtainMessage();
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msg.what = 0;
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handler.sendMessage(msg);
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}
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}
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@Override
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public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
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return null;
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}
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}
可 以看到,我们在onBind方法里不在返回自定义的Binder实例了,因为现在的Service和Activitys之间并没有绑定关系了,他们是独立 的;在下载过程中,我们会调用sendBroadcast方法,向指定的action发送一个附带有进度信息的intent,这样的话,所有注册过 action为android.intent.action.MY_RECEIVER的Activity都能收到这条进度消息了。
最后再来看一下FileMgrActivity:
[java] view plain copy
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package com.scott.notification;
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import android.app.Activity;
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import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
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import android.content.Context;
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import android.content.Intent;
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import android.content.IntentFilter;
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import android.os.Bundle;
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import android.view.View;
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import android.widget.ProgressBar;
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public class FileMgrActivity extends Activity {
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private MyReceiver receiver;
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private ProgressBar progressBar;
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@Override
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public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
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super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
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setContentView(R.layout.filemgr);
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progressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progress);
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if ("yes".equals(getIntent().getStringExtra("completed"))) {
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progressBar.setProgress(100);
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}
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receiver = new MyReceiver();
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IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
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filter.addAction("android.intent.action.MY_RECEIVER");
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//注册
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registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
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}
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public void cancel(View view) {
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Intent intent = new Intent(this, DownloadService.class);
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stopService(intent);
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}
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@Override
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protected void onDestroy() {
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super.onDestroy();
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//不要忘了这一步
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unregisterReceiver(receiver);
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}
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/**
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* 广播接收器
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* @author user
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*
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*/
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private class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
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@Override
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public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
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Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();
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int progress = bundle.getInt("progress");
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progressBar.setProgress(progress);
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}
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}
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}
我 们发现,FileMgrActivity的模式和MainActivity差不多,也是注册了相同的广播接收者,对于DownloadService来说 自己是广播基站,MainActivity和FileMgrActivity就是听众,信号能够同时到达多个听众,对于代码而言,与之前的代码比较一下, 发现简洁了许多,显然这种方式更好一些。
对于我们上面提到的男女关系,DownloadService就是那个女人,然后两个男人将自己的 手机号告知了女人,等于注册了接收器,然后女人将短信群发给两个男人。不过在这种情况下,两个男人互相都不知道对方的存在,以为女人深深的爱着自己,等到 发现一切的时候,就是痛苦的时候。相信大家如果遇到这种情况都会很痛苦吧,至于你们信不信,我反正是信的。哈哈。
其实关于Notification的讲解最后两篇涉及到Notification的不多,主要是围绕Notification做一些实际的应用示例,希望对于朋友们平时遇到的问题会有所帮助,如果这方面有了新的研究总结,我会再及时更新的,谢谢大家。