方法注入主要是用在Singleton的Object中使用非Singleton的Bean时,通过lookup-method的那个方法来取得非Singleton的Bean。一般用的不多,在用这种定义之前最好想明白你的需求。
1 使用Java代码实现方法注入
1.1 用法示例
1// a class that uses a stateful Command-style class to perform some processing 2package fiona.apple; 3 4// Spring-API imports 5import org.springframework.beans.BeansException; 6import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; 7import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware; 8 9public class CommandManager implements ApplicationContextAware { 10 11 private ApplicationContext applicationContext; 12 13 public Object process(Map commandState) { 14 // grab a new instance of the appropriate Command 15 Command command = createCommand(); 16 // set the state on the (hopefully brand new) Command instance 17 command.setState(commandState); 18 return command.execute(); 19 } 20 21 protected Command createCommand() { 22 // notice the Spring API dependency! 23 return this.applicationContext.getBean("command", Command.class); 24 } 25 26 public void setApplicationContext( 27 ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException { 28 this.applicationContext = applicationContext; 29 } 30}
上面的例子并没有达到期望的效果,因为业务代码和Spring框架产生的耦合。方法注入,作为Spring Ioc容器的高级特性,可以以一种 干净的方法来处理这种情况。
1.2 代码示例
1.2.1 准备Bean
1package com.ws.edu.spring; 2 3public class Game { 4} 5 6 7package com.ws.edu.spring; 8 9import org.springframework.beans.BeansException; 10import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; 11import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware; 12 13public class Person implements ApplicationContextAware{ 14 private ApplicationContext applicationContext; 15 16 @Override 17 public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) 18 throws BeansException { 19 this.applicationContext = applicationContext; 20 } 21 22 private Game createGame(){ 23 return applicationContext.getBean(Game.class); 24 } 25 26 public void playGame(){ 27 Game game = this.createGame(); 28 System.out.println("playing game:"+game); 29 } 30}
1.2.2 配置XML
1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 5 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" default-lazy-init="true"> 6 <bean id="person" class="com.ws.edu.spring.Person"/> 7 <bean id="game" class="com.ws.edu.spring.Game" scope="prototype"/> 8</beans>
1.2.3 配置启动类
1package com.ws.edu.spring; 2 3import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; 4 5public class App { 6 @SuppressWarnings("resource") 7 public static void main(String[] args) { 8 ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml"); 9 Person person = context.getBean(Person.class); 10 person.playGame(); 11 } 12}
1.2.4 输出结果

2 使用Lookup实现方法注入
Lookup方法注入的内部机制是Spring利用了CGLIB库在运行时生成二进制代码的功能,通过动态创建Lookup方法bean的子类从而达到复写Lookup方法的目的。
为了使动态子类起作用,Spring容器要子类化的类不能是
final,并且需要复写的方法也不能是final。同样的,要测试一个包含抽象方法的类也稍微有些不同,你需要子集编写它的子类提供该抽象方法的实现。最后,作为方法注入目标的bean不能是序列化的。 在Spring 3.2之后再也没必要添加CGLIB到classpath,因为CGLIB的类打包在了org.springframework下并且在Spring核心JAR中有所描述。 这样做既方便,又避免了与其他使用了不同版本CGLIB的项目的冲突。
2.1 用法示例
1package fiona.apple; 2 3// no more Spring imports! 4 5public abstract class CommandManager { 6 7 public Object process(Object commandState) { 8 // grab a new instance of the appropriate Command interface 9 Command command = createCommand(); 10 // set the state on the (hopefully brand new) Command instance 11 command.setState(commandState); 12 return command.execute(); 13 } 14 15 // okay... but where is the implementation of this method? 16 protected abstract Command createCommand(); 17}
在包含被注入方法的客户类中(这个例子中是CommandManager),此方法的定义需要按以下形式进行:
<public|protected> [abstract] <return-type> theMethodName(no-arguments);
public|protected要求方法必须是可以被子类重写和调用的;
abstract可选,如果是抽象方法,CGLIB的动态代理类就会实现这个方法,如果不是抽象方法,就会覆盖这个方法,所以没什么影响;
return-type就是non-singleton-bean的类型咯,当然可以是它的父类或者接口。
no-arguments不允许有参数。
如果方法是抽象,动态生成的子类会实现该方法。沟则,动态生成的子类会覆盖类里的具体方法。譬如:
1<!-- a stateful bean deployed as a prototype (non-singleton) --> 2<bean id="command" class="fiona.apple.AsyncCommand" scope="prototype"> 3 <!-- inject dependencies here as required --> 4</bean> 5 6<!-- commandProcessor uses statefulCommandHelper --> 7<bean id="commandManager" class="fiona.apple.CommandManager"> 8 <lookup-method name="createCommand" bean="command"/> 9</bean>
标识为_commandManager_的bean在需要一个新的_command_ bean实例时会调用createCommand()方法。你必须将`command`bean部署为 原型(prototype)类型,如果这是实际需要的话。如果部署为singleton。那么每次将返回相同的 `command`bean。
2.2 代码示例
2.2.1 准备Bean
1package com.ws.edu.spring; 2 3public class Game { 4} 5 6 7package com.ws.edu.spring; 8 9public class Person{ 10 11 public Game createGame(){ 12 return null; 13 } 14 15 public void playGame(){ 16 Game game = this.createGame(); 17 System.out.println("playing game:"+game); 18 } 19}
2.2.2 配置Xml
1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 5 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" default-lazy-init="true"> 6 <bean id="person" class="com.ws.edu.spring.Person"> 7 <lookup-method bean="game" name="createGame"/> 8 </bean> 9 <bean id="game" class="com.ws.edu.spring.Game" scope="prototype"/> 10</beans>
2.2.3 编写启动类
1package com.ws.edu.spring; 2 3import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; 4 5public class App { 6 @SuppressWarnings("resource") 7 public static void main(String[] args) { 8 ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml"); 9 Person person = context.getBean(Person.class); 10 person.playGame(); 11 } 12}
2.2.4 输出结果

3 自定义方法的替代方案
3.1 用法示例
使用基于XML配置文件时,你可以使用replaced-method元素来达到用另一个方法来取代已有方法的目的。考虑下面的类,我们将覆盖 computeValue方法。
1public class MyValueCalculator { 2 3 public String computeValue(String input) { 4 // some real code... 5 } 6 7 // some other methods... 8 9}
实现org.springframework.beans.factory.support.MethodReplacer接口的类提供了新的方法定义。
1/** 2 * meant to be used to override the existing computeValue(String) 3 * implementation in MyValueCalculator 4 */ 5public class ReplacementComputeValue implements MethodReplacer { 6 7 public Object reimplement(Object o, Method m, Object[] args) throws Throwable { 8 // get the input value, work with it, and return a computed result 9 String input = (String) args[0]; 10 ... 11 return ...; 12 } 13}
下面的bean定义中指定了要配置的原始类和将要复写的方法:
1<bean id="myValueCalculator" class="x.y.z.MyValueCalculator"> 2 <!-- arbitrary method replacement --> 3 <replaced-method name="computeValue" replacer="replacementComputeValue"> 4 <arg-type>String</arg-type> 5 </replaced-method> 6</bean> 7 8<bean id="replacementComputeValue" class="a.b.c.ReplacementComputeValue"/>
你可以在<replaced-method/>元素中可以包含多个<arg-type/>元素,这些元素用来标明被复写的方法签名。只有被复写的方法 存在重载的情况和同名的多个方法变体。为了方便,参数的类型字符可以采用全限定类名的简写。例如,下面的字符串都标识参数类型 为java.lang.String:
java.lang.String String Str
因为参数的数目通常足够用来区别每个可能的选择,这个结晶能减少很多键盘输入的工作,它允许你只输入最短的匹配参数类型的字符串。
3.2 代码示例
3.2.1 准备Bean
1package com.ws.edu.spring; 2 3import java.lang.reflect.Method; 4 5import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.MethodReplacer; 6 7public class Game implements MethodReplacer{ 8 9 @Override 10 public Object reimplement(Object obj, Method method, Object[] args) 11 throws Throwable { 12 String gameName = (String)args[0]; 13 System.out.println("playing game:" + gameName); 14 return null; 15 } 16} 17 18 19package com.ws.edu.spring; 20 21public class Person{ 22 public void playGame(String gameName){} 23}
3.2.2 配置xml
1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 5 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" default-lazy-init="true"> 6 <bean id="person" class="com.ws.edu.spring.Person"> 7 <replaced-method name="playGame" replacer="game"> 8 <arg-type>String</arg-type> 9 </replaced-method> 10 </bean> 11 <bean id="game" class="com.ws.edu.spring.Game"/> 12</beans>
3.2.3 编写启动类
1package com.ws.edu.spring; 2 3import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; 4 5public class App { 6 @SuppressWarnings("resource") 7 public static void main(String[] args) { 8 ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml"); 9 Person person = context.getBean(Person.class); 10 person.playGame("篮球"); 11 } 12}
3.2.4 输出结果
