C： exit的值

运行node的process.exit时候发现了以前忽视的一个问题：

1$ node
2> process.exit(-1)
3
4$ echo $?
5255

我希望exit的值是-1,结果成了255。

===

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/12512177/exit-status-of-a-program 给出的解释：

Program return values mean different things on different operating systems. On Unix-y systems, only values 0-255 are valid (1 unsigned byte). Note this means negative values are not allowed, and may be the cause of your IDE problems. FreeBSD introduced a load of specific meanings in sysexits.h, and while this certainly exists on Linux distributions I've used, the only real universally accepted one is 0 for success and non-0 for failure. As Pete Becker points out, EXIT_SUCCESS and EXIT_FAILURE are standard defined macros (0 and 1 respectively on Unix-y platforms, but implementation defined).

On windows, you get a 32 bit signed integer (negatives are allowed, don't know if they mean anything). Again, 0 is success, and other values mean various things. Like echo $?, you can use echo %errorlevel% to see the last program's exit code in the console.

Also note that my N3337 (draft very close to C++11 standard) says at section 3.6.1 paragraph 5:

If control reaches the end of main without encountering a return statement, the effect is that of executing return 0;

===

C语言示例：

示例1

1#include <stdio.h>
2
3int 
4main() 
5{
6
7    return 0;
8
9}

退出码为0。

示例2

1#include <stdio.h>
2
3int 
4main() 
5{
6
7    return -1;
8
9}

退出码为255.

示例3

1#include <stdio.h>
2#include <stdlib.h>
3
4int 
5main() 
6{
7
8    exit(-1);
9
10}

退出码为255.